﻿WHITE PINE UNDER FOREST MANAGEMENT. 47 



WHITE PINE FOR WINDBREAKS AND RESERVOIR PROTECTION. 



White pine is an excellent tree for windbreaks and shelter belts, 

 and is planted largely for this purpose in the plains States. Its 

 treatment as a shelter-belt tree is discussed in Forest Service Bulle- 

 tin 86, "Windbreaks," by C. G. Bates. It is therefore unnecessary 

 to consider it here. 



For reservoir and watershed protection white pine has already 

 been extensively planted throughout New England. Like other 

 conifers, it is better than hardwoods for the purpose because its 

 leaves do not readily blow into the reservoirs. Its rapid and, hardy 

 growth make it generally preferable to most other conifers wherever 

 conditions are favorable for its growth. 



Besides protection, the stand may be useful in producing timber. 

 Where the double purpose is sought the pine should be grown in 

 pure, even- aged stands. The rotation may, however, be much 

 longer than that used when timber alone is desired. The shelter- 

 wood method, followed by ample disengagement cuttings and the 

 planting of stock on bare areas, can be used to advantage. 



PLANTING AND SOWING WHITE PINE. 1 



Throughout most of its range white pine is probably the most 

 popular native tree for forest planting. In New England it has been 

 set out chiefly for scenic effect and for reservoir protection, although 

 there are a number of plantations for the commercial production of 

 timber. Since one of the chief things to be considered in raising 

 white pine is the cost of establishing the stand, it is necessary to 

 compare the efficiency of different methods and to determine the 

 cost involved in each. 



White pine stands may be established artificially either by plant- 

 ing seedlings or by sowing seed directly on the area. Under most 

 conditions planting offers the best chance for success, and is, in the 

 long run, the cheaper method. Occasionally, however, favorable 

 climatic and soil conditions insure the growth of excellent stands 

 from artificially sown seed. Seeding is especially worthy of consid- 

 eration where large areas have to be planted up in a limited time, but 

 the method should never be used without first experimenting on 

 small areas to determine its probable success. 



There are a number of methods of planting and sowing which have 

 proved successful under different conditions of site and labor. Whether 

 an area is to be planted or sowed, the first step is to procure the seed. 



i For a full discussion of methods and costs of artificial forestation see Forest Service Bulletin 76, "How 

 to Grow and Plant Conifers in the Northeastern States," and Bulletin 98, "Reforestation on the National 

 Forests." 



