﻿WHITE I'INE UNDEB FOREST [MANAGEMENT. 59 



The wheat should be warmed in a metal saucepan or similar 

 receptacle and the saccharin and strychnia pulverized and sprinkled 

 over it. The melted tallow should then be poured in, and the mix- 

 t ure stirred until every wheat kernel is coated. 



In depositing the poisoned grain it must be put out of the reach 

 of birds. This can be done by placing it in cavities among small 

 piles of stones or under roots or logs, or in burrows of animals. If 

 this is not practicable the grain can be covered with pieces of bark, 

 boards, or flat stones, with a low runway left beneath. Barley is 

 usually attractive to rodents and is at the same time the grain 

 least relished by birds. 



PROTECTION. 



FIRE.1 



Unlike loblolly pine of the South, or the red pine with which it is 

 often associated, white pine has a thin bark during the first 30 or 50 

 years of its life, which affords but slight protection from fire. Young 

 growth, with its thin bark and delicate foliage, is usually killed at once 

 by fires which would do little damage to thick-barked trees. When 

 white pine has reached an age of from 40 to 60 years, however, and has 

 formed a thick, corky bark, it is comparatively safe from direct injury 

 by surface fires. Yet if the fire reaches the crown and scorches the 

 branches the tree is certain to die. Young pines also are often killed 

 in this way. Besides its direct damage, fire offers a way for insects 

 and fungi to enter the trees. 



Measures usually included under fire protection aim (1) to prevent 

 fires from starting, (2) to detect fires as soon as possible after they 

 start, and (3) to extinguish them when once started in the shortest 

 possible time. 



Briefly, fire prevention consists in (1) suitable legislation regarding 

 fires, (2) destroying and rendering less dangerous inflammable mate- 

 rial, and (3) constructing efficient fire lines to prevent the spread of 

 flames. 



Most of the Eastern States already have excellent fire laws, which 

 when supported by an educated public sentiment and properly 

 inforced tend to reduce the fire risk to the minimum. These laws 

 usually provide against lighting fires during danger seasons, and im- 

 pose penalties for damage from fire which may be allowed to escape 

 at any time. The laws usually contain special provision for the use 

 of spark arresters on locomotives and of oil instead of coal for fuel in 

 regions where the risk is great. 



1 For a full discussion of forest fires and their prevention, see Forest Service Bulletin 82, "Protection of 

 Forests from Fire," by Henry S. Graves; also Forest Service Bulletins 111, "Lightning in Relation to 

 Forest Fires," and 117, "Forest Fires; Their Causes, Extent, and Effects, with a Summary of Recorded 

 Destruction and Loss," by Fred O. Plummer. 



