﻿A SEALED PAPER CARTON TO PROTECT CEREALS. 3 



insects or eggs in them the heat from the cereal would undoubtedly 

 have killed them. 



When the ends of the packages were being fastened, the glue was not 

 placed near the corners, so that if it were possible to leave an opening 

 there by accident, the opening would be left in this experiment. All 

 of the packages were regularly closed by gluing the ends, but some of 

 them were covered by a piece of label paper (fig. 7) so that there were 

 no openings where an insect could enter without piercing the label. 

 Some of the labels were put on with glue and some with flour paste. 



Eighteen of these packages, nine labeled and nine not labeled, were 

 distributed in two wooden boxes. Between them flour and meal that 



Fig. 3.— The confused flour beetle ( Tribolium confusum): a, Beetle; b, larva; c, pupa; d, lateral lobe of 

 abdomen of pupa; e, head of beetle, showing antenna; /, same of T. ferrugineum. a-c, Much enlarged; 

 d-f, more enlarged. (After Chittenden.) 



were badly infested by the confused flour beetle, the saw-toothed 

 grain beetle, and the Mediterranean flour moth were packed. This 

 infestation of the boxes was very carefully done, and when the experi- 

 ment was observed on November 10, 1912, the outsides of all of the 

 packages were literally alive with insects. The condition of the con- 

 tents of eight of them is recorded in Table I. 



Table I.- 



-Recorded conditions of infestation or noninfestation found in packages of cereal 

 opened Nov. 10, 1912. 



No. of 

 pack- 

 age. 



Not labeled. 



Label pasted. 



Label glued. 



1 









2 



do 







3 



do 







4 



do .. 







5 





No infestation 



do 





6 







7 









8 







Do. 











A similar observation was mad"e on January 24, 1913, the results of 

 which are shown in Table II. 



