﻿24 



BULLETIN tt, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



these systems were soon discarded. Even the best arrangements 

 now in common use leave much to be desired in the way of circula- 

 tion. Cars of type B (Table 5) show an average difference of 7 de- 

 grees between the bunker end and center of the car under ordinary 

 icing. The cars of type D, with heavier insulation, maintain a lower 

 average temperature throughout the car, but, even in this case, the 

 center of the car averages 5° F. warmer than the bunker end. 



These differences 

 are sometimes dis- 

 astrous in their 



' -Sr-:^-—-*<P^iV7$ E?- 



effects on poultry 

 shipments. 



TEMPERATURE IN CAR. 



DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUNKER AND 

 CENTER. 



In many shipments the tempera 1 - 

 ture at the ends of the car, next to 

 the ice bunkers, is sufficiently low to 

 transport the poultry in an excellent 

 state of preservation. At the same 

 time the temperature at the center, 

 8 or 10 degrees warmer, is so high 

 that the goods from this part of the 

 car are at a disadvantage of five or 

 six days of market time as compared 

 with the bunker 

 goods. 



In figure 13, a, 

 is presented the 

 temperature rec- 

 ord for the end and 

 center of the car in Experiment 2078, car type D. The atmos- 

 pheric temperature during the haul averaged 50° F. (10° C), with 

 a minimum of 42° F. (5.5° C.) and a maximum of 61° F. (16.1° C). 

 The differences in temperature between the bunker and the center 

 of the car were comparatively small in this shipment, and the analyses 

 of the samples carried at the bunker show good preservation. The 

 findings of the chemical laboratory are in group 1 of Table 2. The 

 efficiency of this car was 1.23. 



Figure 13, b, shows another shipment, Experiment 2096, car 

 type C, where a wide difference in temperature is manifest between 

 the two positions in the car. The atmospheric temperature averaged 

 54° F. (12.2° C), with a minimum of 49° F. (9.4° C.) and a maximum 

 of 61° F. (16.1° C). The temperature at the bunker was low at the 



Fig. 9. — Galvanized-iron bunker used in type B car. 



