﻿VITRIFIED BRICK AS MATERIAL FOR COUNTRY ROADS. 19 



care must be exercised in applying them to special cases. They are 

 intended as a guide in preparing estimates of probable cost. 



The grading is usually paid for by the cubic yard, and the cost, of 

 course, varies with the character of the soil and the necessary amount 

 of excavation. In light, easily loosened soils, grading may usually 

 be done at from 25 to 40 cents per cubic yard. In hard earth con- 

 taining more or less loose rock, the cost per cubic yard generally runs 

 from 40 to 75 cents, while grading in solid rock may sometimes cost 

 as much as $1.50 per cubic yard. The cost of the rough grading 

 should be considered entirely apart from the cost of the pavement. 



The cost of shaping and rolling the subgrade after the rough grad- 

 ing is completed will ordinarily vary from 3 to 5 cents per square 

 yard. This cost should be included with the other items which make 

 Up the coat of the pavement. 



The cost of the curbs varies with the character of the material 

 used. Stone curbs ordinarily cost from 25 to 75 cents per linear foot, 

 while curbs made of Portland cement concrete cost, as a rule, from 20 

 to 50 cents per linear foot. The higher prices for the concrete curbs 

 apply principally to special cases requiring extra 'iorrn work or con- 

 siderable extra material. 



The cost of the foundation depends largely on the cost of the 

 materials with which it is constructed. Gravel or broken stone can 

 usually be spread and rolled at from 5 to 7 cents per square yard, 

 while the cost of these materials, delivered, varies from $0.60 to $2 

 per cubic yard. Mixing and placing concrete usually costs from 35 

 to 75 cents per cubic yard, according to the amount of work to be 

 done and the methods employed, and the cost of the materials, 

 delivered, ordinarily varies from $2.50 to $4.50 per cubic yard of 

 concrete. 



The cost of paving brick at the kiln varies from about $12 to $14 

 per thousand. Estimating 45 brick to the square yard, each 1,000 

 brick cover approximately 22 square yards, which makes the cost at 

 the kiln per square yard of pavement vary from. 55 cents to about 65 

 cents. These figures mean very little, however, unless the kiln is 

 located conveniently near where the brick are to be used, for freight 

 charges not infrequently amount to more than the cost of the brick. 



A force consisting of one paver and five laborers should place on an 

 average about 220 square yards of brick per 10-hour day; while 

 supervision, rolling, and incidental expenses are ordinarily equivalent 

 to the cost of hiring about three and one-half additional laborers. 



If C = cost of cement per barrel, S = cost of sand per cubic yard, 

 A = cost of coarse aggregate per cubic yard, B = cost of paving 

 brick per 1 ,000, and L = cost of labor per hour, with all materials 

 considered delivered on the work and all costs expressed in cents, then 

 the probable cost of constructing a brick pavement, including the 



