REPORT ON BIRD CENSUSES, 1916-1920. 15 



cliff swallow, 3; warbling vireo, 3; Ilutton vireo, 1; lutescent warbler, 4; Macgil- 

 livray warbler, 2; pileolated warbler, 2; California thrasher, 1; Vigors wren, 4; plain 

 titmouse, 1; intermediate wren-tit, 5; coast bush-tit, 5; russet-backed thrush, 8. 



Near Fresno, in 1920, a 40-acre tract showed only 18 pairs of birds, 

 including 3 pairs of English sparrows. Of this land 25 acres were in 

 vineyard, 3 in orchard, 6 in alfalfa, and 6 in pasture. The 12 species 

 found were distributed as follows : 



Killdeer, 1; valley quail, 1; barn owl, 1; Pacific nighthawk, 1; western meadow- 

 lark, 1; Bullock oriole, 2; house iinch, 3; willow goldfinch, 1; western blue grosbeak, 

 1; California yellow warbler, 1; western mockingbird, 2; English sparrow, 3. 



At Banning a census was made on 40 acres, about half of which was 

 in orchard and the rest mostly in grain, with three small gullies 

 filled with herbage. This tract showed just 1 pair of birds to the 

 acre, 23 of the nests being actually located. There were no English 

 sparrows, and the 15 species of native birds were: 



Valley quail, 2; mourning dove, 6; Texas nighthawk, 2; black-chinned humming- 

 bird, 1; California horned lark, 2; Bullock oriole, 1; hooded oriole, 1; house finch, 2; 

 willow goldfinch, 1; green-backed goldfinch, 7; lark sparrow, 5; western chipping 

 sparrow, 1; Anthony towhee, 6; California shrike, 2; yellow warbler, 1. 



A count on 68 acres near Buena Park, Orange County, showed the 

 bird population in 1920 to be only a little over one pair to 2 acres. 

 Of this area, 33 acres were in barley, 12 in beans, 5 in garden, and the 

 rest in pasture or uncultivated. The 16 species and 39 pairs were as 

 follows : 



Killdeer, 1; valley quail, 7; mourning dove, 3; barn owl, 1; burrowing owl, ] ; 1 lack- 

 chinned hummingbird, 1; Anna hummincrbird, 1; western kingbird, 1; California 

 horned lark, 2; western meadowlark, 6; Bullock oriole, 2; Brewer blackbird, 2; house 

 finch, 4; green-backed goldfinch, 3; Lawrence goldfinch, 1; California shrike, 3. 



Escondido is the point farthest south in California from which counts 

 were received, and one was made here in 1918 on a tract of 80 acres. 

 About 25 acres of this area were devoted to hay, and the rest was 

 divided between fruit trees, brush, and other trees, mostly eucalyptus. 

 Here were found 129 pairs of nesting birds, but only 18 species: 



Valley quail, 5; western mourning dove, 27; black-chinned hummingbird, 3; Anna 

 hummingbird, 1; Arkansas kingbird, 2; black phoebe, 1; California horned lark, 12; 

 California blue jay, 1; western meadowlark, 10; Arizona hooded oriole, 2; house finch, 

 35; willow goldfinch, 5; Arkansas goldfinch, 10; western lark sparrow, 5; Anthony 

 towhee, 7; phainopepla, 1; California shrike, 1; western mockingbird, 1. 



SOME NOTABLE BIRD-CENSUS RESULTS. 



Geneva, N. Y. — An extensive series of counts from the vicinity of 

 Geneva, N. Y., for the three years 1916 to 1918, made by Otto Mc- 

 Creary, seems worthy of rather detailed presentation. (See Table 4.) 

 Comparison of the results obtained here with those of New York 

 State as a whole for the same years indicates to some extent how 

 sample areas, if representing the average conditions for their respec- 

 tive localities, make generalizations possible, but shows also that 

 many localities are needed to determine the final averages. When 

 considering the results, it is to be remembered that the figures from 

 the State as a whole include those from Geneva and that all the 

 present data deal with land which is or might be farmed, no reports 

 having been received from the mountain regions of the Adirondacks 

 and Catskills, 



