14 BULLETIN 1165, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



rate of about 53 pairs of breeding birds per 100 acres. Mr. Jensen's 

 description of this territory is interesting: 



This being my favorite hunting ground, practically every nest mentioned was 

 located. The east slope of the canyon is covered with pine and spruce down to the 

 level bottomland. All thrushes were found on this side. The west slope is covered 

 with oak in which the evening grosbeaks and juncos were found. This is virgin 

 country with numerous signs of bear, mountain lion, and wildcat. 



The following are the birds found breeding: 



Eed-naped sapsucker, 2; red-shafted flicker, 2; western wood pewee, 1; western 

 flycatcher, 3; Traill flycatcher, 1; long-crested jay, 1; western evening grosbeak, 2; 

 red-backed junco, 2; sage sparrow, 6; western tanager, 1; violet-green swallow, 8; 

 least vireo, 3: Audubon warbler, 3; water ouzel, 1; Baird wren, 2; pygmy nuthatch, 2; 

 To wnsend solitaire, 2; Audubon hermit thrush, 2; western robin, 2; chestnut-backed 

 bluebird, 2. ^ 



WASHINGTON STATE. 



Near Pullman, Wash., four counts were made in 1920 by students 

 of the State College of Washington, under the direction of Prof. W. T. 

 Shaw. These counts covered a total of 162 acres of land divided as 

 follows: Woods, 5 acres, or 3 per cent; orchard, 13 acres, or 8 per 

 cent; and fields, 144 acres, or 89 per cent; with 79 acres, or 49 per 

 cent of the whole area, under cultivation. With the exception of 4 

 acres of garden, the land cultivated was in grain, mostly wheat. 

 On these 4 tracts, apparently not continuous, 184 pairs of birds, in- 

 cluding 5 pairs of English sparrows, were found breeding. This is 

 an average of 114 nesting pairs per 100 acres. 



The only report from the northwest coast region is from Gig 

 Harbor, on the upper reaches of Puget Sound. Here, in 1916, an 

 80-acre tract was found to shelter 144 pairs of nesting birds, repre- 

 senting 48 species; and the next year the same land had 185 pairs 

 of 43 species. Conditions on this tract were exceptionally favorable 

 for birds, so that these figures can hardly be taken as representative 

 of the region as a whole. 



CALIFORNIA. 



Probably no State has a greater diversity in its bird life than Cali- 

 fornia, with conditions varying from the humid coast to the deserts 

 of the interior and to the high mountains. No generahzations con- 

 cerning the bird population can be made until counts have been 

 made on a very large scale. No reports have yet been received from 

 the northern part of the State nor from the sections less favorable to 

 bird life. All counts received have been made on cultivated land, 

 except those from the region of San Francisco Bay. These show a 

 goocl deal of diversity, as will be seen from the examples quoted. 



A record density of bird life is found in Golden Gate Park, San 

 Francisco, where conditions are unusually favorable. Across the 

 bay on 20 acres of Strawberry Creek Canyon, a part of the campus of 

 the University of California, there were found breeding, in 1916, 93 

 pairs of birds, representing 30 species. None of this land was culti- 

 vated and much of it was wooded. The birds found were as f oUows : 



CalLfornia quail, 3; screech owl, 1; red-shafted flicker, 2; Anna hummingbird, 4; 

 Allen hummingbird, 2; olive-sided flycatcher, 1; western wood pewee, 1; western 

 flycatcher, 4; coast jay, 1; California jay, 4; California purple finch, 1; willow gold- 

 finch, 1; green-backed goldfinch, 2; Santa Cruz song sparrow, 10; San Francisco 

 towhee, 9; California brown towhee, 5; black-headed grosbeak, 1; lazuli bunting, 2; 



