Extracts from Diary in Japan. 81 



which required two persons to lift it from its bath ; it 

 appeared to be sluggish in its movements. 



The insects are perhaps the most interesting to the natu- 

 ralist, especially the Lepidoptera, as so many are identical 

 with those of Europe. Referring to a few of the papilionidse, 

 or butterflies, the following are identical with those of Eng- 

 land : — Papilio machaon, pieris rapas, pieris napi, leptoria, 

 Candida, gonepteryx rhamni, colias hyale, argynnis paphia, 

 arg3mnis aglaia, argynnis adippe, vanessa io, vanessa antiopa, 

 Vanessa polychloros, vanessa cardui, limenitis sybilla, lycoena, 

 phloeas, polyommatus argiolus. These are English species, 

 but the butterflies generally in Japan are very numerous 

 and lovely. 



The following are some of the moths identical with those 

 of England: — Smerinthus ocellatus, acherontia atropos (con- 

 sidered a different species in England, and named acherontia 

 styx, but the larvse and imago appear to be identical), sphinx 

 convolvuli, choerocampa elpoenor, macroglossa stellatarum, 

 clisiocampa neustria; dendrolimus pini is abundant, but 

 whether identical is doubtful ; gastropacha quercifolia, stan- 

 ropus fagi, clostera curtul^, cerura furcula, cerura binula, 

 porthetria dispar, psilura monacha, porthesia chr^^sorrhoea, 

 porthesia auriflua, spilosoma menthastri^ spilosoma lubrice- 

 peda, spilosoma urticse, spilosoma salicis, arctia caja, enthe- 

 monia rusula, miltochrysta miniata, lithosia complana, 

 lithosia quadra. 



NOCTUID^. 



Several of lytoea, or rustics, as also most of the agrotis ; 

 segetum, and others ; many of the gTaphiphora, orthosia^ 

 mythimna^ segetia, caradrina, grammesia, glsea, amphipyra, 

 lemuris, calocampa, xylophasia, hadena, euplexia, mamestria, 

 Thyatira, scoliopteryx, acronycta, ceratopacha, cosmia ; most 

 of the xanthia, orbona, and gortyna, phlogophora, cuculia, 

 plusia, heliothis, ophiusa, mormo, and catocala. 



To go through the thin body moths would occupy too 

 much time ; but the larger number of English species are 

 found in Japan. 



In enumerating the above it must be understood that the 

 numerous species omitted because not identical with those 

 of England are far more beautiful than those mentioned. 

 The papilio, or swallow-tail butterflies ; the apatura, or 

 Emperor ; the thecla, or hair-streak ; the parnassus, or 

 ApoUo, &c., are very grand. Also the large family of 



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