184 F. W. GAMBLE, B.SC. 



(1830 — 1850) we find that v. Baer and DugSs had independently 

 discovered the internal anatomy and especially the generative organs 

 of the fresh-water Planarise, and had proposed a rough scheme of 

 classification. The corresponding discovery of the anatomy cf Polyclads 

 was made by v. Mertens.* Ehrenberg (10) had found many new 

 forms, some of which constituted his subdivision " Bhabdocoela " 

 Oersted's most important paper (16) appeared in 1844,f containing a 

 system which included all known species, and from which later 

 attempts originate. Our knowledge of the histology and anatomy of 

 the Bhabdocoeles (the small size of which usually prevented an 

 adequate investigation being made, on account of the necessity for high 

 magnifying powers) was immensely increased by Max Schultze's 

 ' Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte d. Turbellarien,' 1851. The accuracy 

 of the descriptions and beauty of the copperplates are well known. 



The following year (1852) Dalyell published the 'Powers of the 

 Creator,' the second volume of which contains references to a consider- 

 able number of Turbellaria. Among these, Monotus lineatus and 

 Convoluta paradoxa are interesting as being the first records of British 

 Bhabdoccelida. The habits and reproduction are well described, but 

 the anatomy is very far behind the knowledge of the time. For ten 

 years (1852 — 1862) little work on these forms was done in this 

 country, while Oscar Schmidt, Schultze, and Leuckart on the Continent 

 were extending a monographic and systematic knowledge of the group. 

 In 1859, however, Claparede spent August and September in the 

 Hebrides, chiefly at Skye. In a most interesting paper (35) he 

 describes Convoluta paradoxa (in which he determined successive 

 hermaphroditism), Mesostomum marmoratum, Prostomum caledonicum, 

 Vortex quadrioculata, Enterostomum fingalianum, and the Polyclads 

 Centrostomum Mertensii and Uurylepta aurita. Similar researches (36) 

 on the coast of Normandy showed what a varied Turbellarian fauna 

 existed there. No one, however, was found in this country to advance 

 our knowledge of the group on similar lines. 



In 1865 the 'Catalogue of Non-parasitical Worms in the British 



* " Untersuchungen ii. d. Bau verschiedener in d. See lebender Planarien," 

 ' Mem. de l'Acad. Imp. d. Sciences d. St. Petersbourg,' se>. 6 me , t. ii, 1833. 



t Preprinted with figures and additions from ' Kroyers Naturhist. Tidsskrift,' 

 1843. 



