146 



SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 



The species of this genus mu.-.t be looked for in ihe 

 eail}' part of the year, nowhere later than June. T. 

 niiinna appears as early as January in Algeria, and a 

 few stragglers of T. mcdesicasle may be seen at the 

 end of June in S. France, though April and May are 

 the most usual months. 



1. T. cerisyi, B. I.g. B. E., p. 9, pi. II., fig. 2. 

 58 — 62 mm. 



6 wings very pale yellow, black at base. The 

 fore wings with 5 black costal spots, apex with a 

 blackish band, internal to this a short interrupted 

 band of same colour. H.w. with one red costal spot 

 and a sub-marginal row of the same colour, external to 

 these some black spots, very rarely, with indistinct 

 blue centres ; ou. marg. strongly dentate, with one tail. 



9 generally somewhat larger than 6 . (Jround 

 colour more ochreous yellow, pattern more strongly 

 marked, central area of h.w. with two rows of black 

 dashes, the lower ones extending to inner marg. 

 Head, antennae and thorax black, abdomen black 

 with reddish orange lateral stripes. U.S. lighter, 

 especially h.w., which are white with central spots 

 marked with greenish. 



Hab. , rocky places and mountain passes in 

 Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Asia Minor, and Palestine. 

 I., II., and VI. 



Larva, greyish black, with yellow dorsal and 

 lateral spots. On Aristolochia chinatitis and A. 

 hastata. III. and VIII. 



2. T. deyrollei Oberth. ^ T. rerhyi var. 

 deyrollei. Lg. B.E. , p. 10, pi. II, fig. 3. 



55 — 60 mm. 



Rather smaller than T. cerisyi. Lighter in colour, 

 especially 9 , which has the ground colour nearly 

 white, and is of more slender appearance. Both 

 sexes with three tails on ou. marg. of h.w. 



Has., Coasts of Sea of .Marmora, Aintab (Asia 

 Minor). IV., V. 



Lara'a, greenish yellow or reddish, with sharp 

 black short lines and dots, prickles yellowy green, 

 .smaller than the red spines of T. cerisyi and 

 T. caticasica. On Aristolochia haslata from V. m. 



Several aberrations of ? have been named by Dr. 

 Staudinger, from whom I have received specimens of 

 each form. 



a. ab. obscurior Stgr. in litt. Wings stn^ngly 

 suffused with dusky shading, especially towards 

 base. Hab., Armenia. 



/'. ab. albidior Stgr. in litt. A larger form, with a 

 nearly white ground colour. Hab. , Armenia. 



c. ab pallidior Stgr. in litt. A large form, wings 

 somewhat dusky, ground colour pale ochreous. 

 Hab., Armenia. 



d. ab. ochracea Stgr. in litt. A smaller form, 

 wings not dusky, and with the ground colour 

 ochreous. Hab., Antioch (Syria). 



3. T. caucasica Ld. -- T. cerisyi \ar. caticasica, 

 Lg. B.E. p. 10, pi. II, fig. 4. 



Smaller than T. cerisyi, wings longer in shape. 

 Ground colour distinctly ochreous ; general pattern 

 resembling that of T. cerisyi, but more strongly 

 marked, h.w. without tails, and with a distinct row 



of blue spots external to the red ones. See.iis to 

 approach the next species. 



Hab., Caucasus and Western Armenia. V. 



Larva, " Dark, almost completely suftused (with 

 black) with red spines, two entirely black dorsal spots 

 in front of the prickle." H. and R. 701. On 

 Aristolochia hastata. 



4. T. polyxena Schiff. Lg. K. E. p. 11, pi. 

 III., fig. I. 



50—55 mm. 



Wings light yellow, variously spotted and banded 

 with black. Margins of all the wings with a strongly 

 indented blackish band producing the eft'ect at first 

 sight of a deeply incised ou. marg., though in 

 reality the ou. marg. of f.w. is entire and that of h.w. 

 but slightly dentate. F.w. somewhat elongated, with 

 5 deep black costal spots, the outermost containing a 

 red dot, h.w. with 5 or 6 red spots parallel to ou. 

 marg. and one near the costa, beneath each led spot 

 is a small blue one placed on a marginal black band. 

 Abdomen with reddish lateral spots. 



9 larger and somewhat more strongly marked 

 than i . 



Hab., S.E. Germany, Tessin, Tuscany, near 

 Naples, Riviera, Vienna, Albania, Greece, S. 

 Russia, Buda, Bithynia, Armenia. IV. and ^^ It is 

 usually found in marshy places. 



Larva, yellow with a black dorsal band and six 

 rows of spines bordered with black and with a lateral 

 series of black points. On Aristolochia cleiiiatitis and 

 A. rotunda. VII. 



a. ab. ochracea Stgr. Ground colour rich ochreous 

 yellow. Hab., S. E. Europe and Asia Minor. 



h. ab. bipunctala Cosm. F.w. with two red spots 

 instead of one. Hab., Turkey. 



5. ? T. Cassandra lib. = T. polyxena var. 

 Cassandra. Lg. B. K., p. 12, pU III., fig. 2 (figure 

 incorrect). 



Slightly larger than T. poly.rcna. Ground colour of 

 wings lighter, marginal dentations broader and less 

 acute, f.w. with no red spot. 



Hab., S. France, Cannes, Hyeres, Digne and 

 other places in Basses Alpes, Savoy, and Piedmont. 



Larva, pale reddish spotted with black. On 

 Aristolochia. III. and IV. 



a. ab. flavomacnla .Schilde. H. and R. , p. 90. 

 Vellow spots on the hind wings in place of yellow. 

 Hab., S. France. 



6. T.ruminali. Lg. B. E. p. 13, pi. Ill, fig. 3. 

 47 — 58 mm. 



Ground colour of wings bright yellow, f.w. with 

 marginal indentations shallower than in the last, 

 with a transparent patch near the apex, three of the 

 costal spots marked with bright red and sometimes a 

 fourth red spot near in. marg., the nervules are 

 strongly marked with black. H.w. marked some- 

 what as in the last, hut there is often a red basal spot 

 as well as that on the costa, and there are no traces 

 whatever of blue ones. Marginal indentations deeper 

 than in f.w. U.S. h.w. with pearly white basal and 

 ante-marginal spots. Abdomen with white and bufi 

 lateral spots. 



I 



