THE CHAULMOOGRA TEEE AND BELATED SPECIES. 13 



tween these enormous bowlders, often 10 feet high or more, there 

 grew in great abundance a tree which was loaded with young fruits, 

 then the size of a tennis ball and covered with a fawn-colored to- 

 mentum. The natives stated that when the fruits matured they be- 

 came much darker. The trees observed had a height of about 80 

 to 90 feet and their size was much greater in every respect than that 

 accredited to Tarahtogenos kurzii. 



The ridge immediately back of Oktada, known as "Taguwee" 

 (white-sand stream), was explored the following day. Taguwee is 

 a lower chain of the main Kalama Range, the backbone of the Mar- 

 taban Hills. The slopes are here very steep, and the soil is a 

 quartz sand in which are embedded huge smooth bowlders which 

 reach a height of 15 to 20 feet. The forests are here composed of 

 Dipterocarpus, Shorea, and certain Euphorbiacese, but mainly of 

 Hydnocarpus castanea, which here develops trunks 2 feet in di- 

 ameter and having a height of 80 to 90 or even 100 feet. The 

 tallest grew in a depression near a watercourse, at that time with 

 running water which a little lower down formed quite a waterfall. 

 The undergrowth of these Hydnocarpus forests is mainly a fern, 

 Polybotrya helferiana Kunze. 



The other plant associates of Hydnocarpus in these localities are 

 certain Ehamnacese, Pinanga palms, and Plectocomia; Caryota oc- 

 curs lower down, as does Lagerstroemia, Bauhinia, Milletia, Cassia 

 tora, Smilax, Jasminum, and species of Euphorbiacese, Annonacese, 

 and Araliaceae. The approach to the kalaw {Hydnocarpus castanea) 

 forests led through a jungle of a peculiar, broad-leaved, procum- 

 bent bamboo, called wanue, often also written wanway (Dinochloa 

 maclcllandii) . This bamboo covers the lower hillside in dense 

 stands, through which the natives make regular tunnels. It was 

 here that fresh tiger tracks were encountered, which led through 

 this dense bamboo jungle and the kalaw forest to the top of the 

 ridge. 



In the lowlands at the foot of the hills the natives have planta- 

 tions of durian {Durio zibethinus) and Sandoricum indicum, which, 

 by the way, apparently grows wild. Blumea balsamifera is one of 

 the most common weeds there. 



The seeds of these kalaw trees are collected by natives, who take out 

 licenses from the forest office in Moulmein for that purpose. None 

 of the seeds of this region are sold to Europeans, but are immediately 

 disposed of to native vendors in the bazaars. Much of the seed, how- 

 ever, is lost, as the collectors do not take the fruits from the trees 

 when ripe but wait till they drop, a much less troublesome way to 

 collect them. Moreover, monkeys are fond of the fruit flesh and 

 attack the fruits on the trees, dropping the seeds to the ground; and 



