OLEORESIN PRODUCTION. 11 



As has been shown, no induced resin passages were present and no 

 wood formation occurred until the latter part of April. Consequently 

 this increased early yield came from the induced responses of the resin 

 passages already present in the round timber. These apparently were 

 stimulated to greater activity by the advance streak than would have 

 been produced by ordinary chipping later in the season. 19 



Observant operators were often aware of the fact that men who 

 started operations with a little chipping very early in the season 

 generally obtained high yields. The following statement by a prac- 

 tical man, whose family has been in the turpentine business for four 

 generations, bears directly upon this point : 



It has been a matter of common experience with everyone familiar with tur- 

 pentining that with a box cut late in the season, followed by chipping imme- 

 diately thereafter, the yield of gum is very little for the first two or three 

 months of the season. * * * If you chip any face at one time 3 inches up, 

 the face will not run well for two or three months following. 20 



Apparently the region just above the wound is profoundly influ- 

 enced by it, but the response may not be apparent at once. This idea 

 is incorporated in the standard Forest Service practice on the Florida 

 National Forest, where it is the custom to cut one streak when the 

 aprons (metal strips used instead of gutters) are placed ; that is, the 

 streak is cut some weeks in advance of the regular chipping. (See 

 PI. I, fig. 3.) 



The influence of the advance streak is not only a factor in the case 

 of the response of the ordinary resin passages, formed in the round 

 timber, but is also probably manifested in the amount and responses 

 of the resiniferous tissue found in the new wood which is formed 

 as the season progresses. Similar responses may underlie the fol- 

 lowing observation, namely, that in the second year of the turpentine 

 operation resiniferous tissue occurred somewhat earlier in the new 

 growth ring than it had in the first year of the operation. Some ex- 

 periments on obtaining the gum storax from red gum trees also appear 

 to show a somewhat analogous situation. 21 These trees, which nor- 

 mally have no resin passages, develop them as a result of wounding. 

 In the case of red gum trees which were wounded as late in the 

 spring as May 30, the first response in the developing annual ring 

 was the formation of normal wood. It was from four to six weeks 

 later that the formation of functioning resin passages, as indicated 

 by the presence of any considerable amount of gum exudation, 



■Since this WBM written It JiBK bocn learned Hint (lie EfdVance Hlrenk is reCOgttitfeti jib 



•i:.i in turpentine practice in in<ii:i. 

 ■ Courtesy <>f Mr. a. Benomt, <>t Bonlfay, i'in. 

 ■Gerry, E., "American Btorai Production," .Jour. For. 19'. January', 1921. 



