FARM OWNERSHIP AND TENANCY IN TEXAS. 



59 



owners' daughters for whom reports were obtained, 96.5 per cent 

 were promoted as compared with 77.2 per cent of tenants' daugh- 

 ters; while 88.6 per cent of owners' sons were promoted as com- 

 pared with 65.6 per cent of tenants' sons. The same fact is brought 

 out in an even more striking way by the percentages of the four 

 groups that had been retained. 



Table 34. — Promotions of children of owners and, of tenants. 





Promoted. 



Retained. 



Not reporting. 



Tenure of father and 

 sex of child. 



Number. 



Per cent Per cent 



of all in of those 



class, reporting. 



Number. 



Per cent 



of all in 



class. 



Per cent 



of those 



reporting. 



Number. 



Per cent 



of all in 



class. 



Daughters of owners . 

 Daughters of tenants . 



Sons of owners 



Sons of tenants 



109 

 132 

 126 

 103 



73.1 96.5 

 58.4 77.2 



69.2 88.6 



43.3 65.6 



4 

 39 

 16 



54 



2.7 

 17.3 



8.8 

 22.7 



3.5 

 22.8 

 11.3 

 34.4 



36 

 55 

 40 

 81 



24.2 

 24.3 

 22.0 

 34.0 



If these conditions are general, they would indicate that the 

 average tenants' child is more backward in school attainments than 

 the average owners' child. That this is the case is indicated by 

 Table 35, showing the average age and grade of the four groups of 

 children. For the two groups of grades — the first four grades, and 

 the fifth to eighth grades, inclusive — the tenants' children are from 

 six months to a year older than the owners' children. In other 

 words, the tenants' child is from six months to a year behind the 

 owners' child in grade attainment. The data on pupils above the 

 eighth grade do not show this same backwardness of tenants' as 

 compared with owners' children. However, the numbers involved 

 in this case are too small to make the data reliable. 



Table 35. — Average age of pupils in three groups of grades, classified by tenure 

 status of father and by sex, for pupils in five black-land country schools. 



Tenure of father and sex 

 of child. 



Pupils in fourth grade 

 and below. 



I'npils in the fifth, 



sixth, seventh, and 



eighth grades. 



Pupils in ninth grade 

 and above. 



Number. ! A ™ a 6° 



Number. 



Average 

 age. 



Number. 



Averago 

 age. 





93 8. 8 



77 

 113 

 92 

 86 



12.6 

 13.5 

 L3.3 

 L3. • 



16 

 11 

 20 



8 



15.3 



nanl 



tee 9.3 



106 8.9 



224 9.7 



1 1 i 

 16.4 





it, i 







These unfavorable educational conditions associated with tenancy 

 are, do doubt, not all attributable to tenancy. Tenants, as has been 

 shown, are much poorer than owners; and Miis difference in Mm- eco 



