68 



BULLETIN 1074, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



later became known by several different names. In recent years it has been 



called California Gem in tbat State, wbile in Utah, where it is most widely 



grown, it is best known as California Club, although several other names have 



been used. The name Pringle's Surprise has continued in use in Grays Harbor 



County, Wash., where it was introduced about 1883. 



Distribution. — Grown in California, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 



Wyoming, mostly under the synonyms here recorded. The distribution is shown 



in Figure 22. 

 Synonyms. — Australian Club, Bay, California Club, California Gem, Excelsior, 



Golden Gate Club, Imperial Club, Pride of California, Silver Chaff, Silver Club, 



Smith Club, University Gem, White Russian. 

 Australian Club is the name under which the variety is grown in Lane County, 



Oreg. Bay is a name used for the variety in Mendocino County, Calif. As stated 



above, California Club is the name under 

 which the variety is best known, particu- 

 larly in Utah. Although not a club wheat, 

 this and other names ending in Club have 

 been used for the variety for many years. 

 The name Golden Gate Club is used in San 

 Luis Obispo County, Calif., Imperial Club 

 in Summit County, Utah, Silver Club 

 in Duchesne County, Utah, and Smith Club 

 in Lake County, Calif. In the last men- 

 tioned county the name Pride of Cali- 

 fornia also is used for the variety. 



California Gem is a name under which 

 the variety has been grown and distributed 

 by the California Agricultural Experiment 

 Station since about 1899 (28). University 

 Gem has also been used by the California 

 Agricultural Experiment Station. The 

 name Excelsior is in use for the variety in 

 Salt Lake County and Silver Chaff in Mor- 

 gan and other counties of Utah. One 

 sample obtained under the latter name 



varied in having a less clavate spike, but was otherwise similar. White Russian 



is a name used for the variety by the Washington Agricultural Experiment 



Station. 



FtG. 22. — Outline map of the west- 

 ern United States, showing the 

 distribution of Surprise wheat in 

 1919. Estimated area, 60,900 acres. 



Description.- — Dicklow differs from Surprise in having spikes slightly longer 

 and laxer and stems and leaves much more glaucous during the heading and 

 blossoming stages of growth. It is a high-yielding variety under irrigation, but 

 will shatter badly if allowed to become overripe before harvest. Spikes, glumes, 

 and kernels are shown in Plate XII, A. 



History. — Dicklow was developed by selection and its uniformity indicates 

 that it is a pure line or nearly so. The origin of this strain of Surprise wheat 

 has been recorded by Aicher (34, p. 20) as follows: 



Mr. James Holly, of Utah County, Utah, obtained some California Club wheat 

 from northern California and seeded it on his farm. Excellent results were ob- 

 tained, and he called the attention of his neighbor, Mr. Richard Low, to his new 

 wheat. Mr. Low obtained some and grew it. He noticed that the wheat con- 

 tained different types and proceeded to select the type which he liked best. He 

 grew this selection for several years, and the neighbors soon began clamoring 



