100 BULLETIN 1074, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



The distinctive characters of the Arcadian variety are the stiff straw and 

 the extremely clavate spike. A spike of this variety is shown in Plate V, Fig- 

 ure 6. 



History. — Originated by A. N. Jones, Newark, Wayne County, N. Y., in 1895, 

 as the result of a direct cross between Early Genesee Giant and Early Red 

 Clawson (61, p. 221). 



Distribution. — Grown commercially in Yakima and Klickitat Counties, Wash., 

 in 1916. Not reported from New York, where it was first distributed. 



WINDSOR (EXTRA EARLY WINDSOR). 



Description. — Plant winter habit, early to midseason, short to midtall; stem 

 purple, midstrong ; spike awnless, fusiform, micldense, nodding ; glumes glabrous, 

 brown, midlong, midwide ; shoulders wanting to narrow, rounded to oblique ; 

 beaks narrow, obtuse, 0. 5 mm. long ; apical awns few, 5 to 10 mm. long ; kernels 

 white, midlong, soft, broadly ovate ; germ midsized to large ; crease midwide, 

 shallow to middeep ; cheeks usually angular ; brush small, midlong. 



Windsor differs from Goldcoin chiefly in having an oblong, nodding spike. 



History. — The origin is undertermined. It was grown by the Ohio Agricul- 

 tural Experiment Station as early as 1892 (204, p. 52). 



Distribution. — Grown experimentally by the Ohio and Cornell University 

 (New York) Agricultural Experiment Stations and commercially in Kalamazoo 

 County, Michigan. 



GOLDCOIN (GOLD COIN). 



Description. — Plant winter habit, early to midseason, short to midtall ; stem 

 purple, strong ; spike awnless, clavate, middense, erect to inclined ; glumes 

 glabrous, brown, long, midwide ; shoulders midwide, oblique to square ; beaks 

 wide, obtuse, 1 mm. long ; apical awns several, 5 to 15 mm. long ; kernels white, 

 short to midlong, soft, ovate ; germ midsized ; crease midwide, middeep ; cheeks 

 usually rounded ; brush small, midlong, collared. 



The distinctive characters of Goldcoin wheat are the purple straw, clavate 

 spike, and collared brush. Spikes, glumes, and kernels of this variety are 

 shown in Plate XXIII, B. 



History.— The Goldcoin variety is probably a descendant from the Redchaff 

 or Redchaff Bald wheat mentioned in early agricultural literature as being 

 grown in the Genesee Valley of New York, as early as 179S. The following 

 history of Redchaff was recorded by Allen (36, p. 153) in 1885. 



The old Genesee Redchaff is a bald, white wheat, first cultivated in the same 

 region in 1798, and for a long time it was the decided favorite. Since 1820, how- 

 ever, it has been very subject to rust and blast, but when circumstances are 

 favorable it is still found to be highly productive. Its transfer to other local- 

 ities may therefore be attended with great success. 



Soules is an early name applied to a wheat apparently identical with Gold- 

 coin. The following statement concerning the origin of Soules was recorded by 

 Harmon (103, p. 225) in 1843 : 



In the first volume of the New Genesee Farmer (2) this new wheat was 

 noticed as being discovered, or. a few heads being found, in a field of White 

 Flint by Jonathan Soule, of Perrington, Monroe County. 



This wheat became well established in New York in the late forties, and 

 by 1857, according to Klippart (131, p. 755-756), was an important variety in 

 Ohio. About 1897 this wheat or a selection from it became known as New 

 Soules. Soules and White Soules were reported in 1919 from Michigan. 



