104 BULLETIN 1074, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 



truncate, 1 mm. long; apical awns few, 3 to 15 mm. long; kernels white, short, 

 soft, ovate ; germ midsized ; crease midwide, shallow to middeep ; cheeks usually 

 rounded ; brush midsized, midlong. 



Foisy wheat is easily distinguished by the tall plant and the long, rather lax, 

 but clavate spike. Plate XXIV, B, shows spikes, glumes, and kernels of Foisy 

 wheat. 



History. — This variety originated on the farm of M. G. Foisy, near the site 

 of West Woodburn, in northern Marion County, Oreg. About 1865, Mr. Foisy 

 " noticed a head of red chaff wheat in his field of white chaff wheat, of unusual 

 size, gathered it, and planted it in his garden until he had sufficient to seed a 

 small field. Mr. Foisy, who was a Frenchman, was too modest to call it after 

 his name, but insisted that it was Oregon Red Chaff, yet there is no one about 

 him that knows it by any other name than Foisy " (100, p. 10). 



Distribution. — Grown in 11 counties of western Oregon. 



Synonym. — Oregon Golden Chaff, Oregon Red Chaff, and Red Chaff. These 

 are all local names used for the variety in Oregon. 



HAED FEDERATION. 



Description. — Plant spring habit, early, short ; stem white, strong ; spike 

 awnless, oblong, dense, erect ; glumes glabrous, brown, short, wide ; shoulders 

 wide, square ; beaks narrow, acute, 0.5 mm. long ; apical awns wanting ; 

 kernels white, short, hard, ovate, with truncate tip ; germ large ; crease mid- 

 wide, middeep, frequently pitted ; cheeks angular to rounded ; brush large, 

 midlong. 



Hard Federation differs from Federation in being slightly shorter and in 

 having a hard kernel. Spikes, glumes, and kernels of Hard Federation are 

 shown in Plate XXV, B. 



History. — Hard Federation was originated by selection from the Federation 

 in Australia. The following history was recorded (30, p. 664) in 1914: 



In consequence of the variations of the ordinary type exhibited by the strain 

 of Federation wheat now being grown at Cowra Experiment Farm, it has 

 been deemed advisable to apply a distinct name to it, and " Hard Federation " 

 has been selected as the most appropriate. The departure from type was 

 first noticed by J. T. Pridham, plant breeder, in 1907 or 1908, one of the 

 plants selected from the stud plats being observed to thrash grain of remark- 

 ably hard and flinty appearance. The plant has the distinctive brown head 

 and general appearance of Federation in the field, but the grain was of a 

 class that has never been seen in the variety before. The seed was propagated, 

 and in 1910 the occurrence of white heads was noticed, and from then until 

 1912 distinctly white heads were common among the brown, but in 1913 there 

 were no white-eared plants, and it is hoped that the seed will now be true 

 to type. 



Hard Federation was first introduced into the United States in August, 

 1915, by the United States Department of Agriculture (197, S. P. I. No. 41079). 

 The seed was presented to the United States Department of Agriculture by 

 George Valder, undersecretary and director of the Department of Agriculture, 

 Sydney, New South Wales. It was first grown at the Sherman County Branch 

 Station, Moro, Oreg., in 1916. Experiments conducted by the Department in 

 Oregon and California from 1917 to 1919, reported by Clark, Stephens, and 

 Florell (67, p. 12-17), have shown it to be a high-yielding, dry-land wheat, 

 and it has since been increased and distributed. 



Distribution. — Grown at several experiment stations in the western part of 

 the United States and commercially to a slight extent in California and Oregon 

 in 1920. 



