CLASSIFICATION" OF AMERICAN" WHEAT VARIETIES. 



127 



This variety is distinct and peculiar because of its long acuminate beaks. 

 It is usually a poor-yielding variety except in southern California and Arizona, 

 where it appears well adapted. It produces a weak flour, which is mostly 

 used for pastry. Spikes, glumes, and kernels of 

 Sonora wheat are shown in Plate XXXIV, A. 



History. — Sonora was brought to the United 

 States from Magdalena Mission, northern So- 

 nora, Mexico, where it has been grown for 150 

 years. is It is known to have been grown in the 

 United States for about 100 years, as it is the 

 wheat grown by the Pima and Yuma Indians 

 in Arizona. Several samples of wheat, similar 

 to Sonora, have recently been introduced by 

 the United States Department of Agriculture 

 from South Africa. 



Distribution. — Grown in Arizona, Colorado, 

 Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, 

 Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 

 (Fig. 50.) 



Synonyms. — Ninety-Day, Red Chaff, White 

 Sonora. Ninety-Day is a local name of Sonora 

 wheat in Millard County, Utah, while Red 

 Chaff and White Sonora are names commonly used for it by growers in Idaho 

 and in Utah. 



Fig. 50. — Outline map of the 

 western United States, show- 

 ing the distribution of Sonora 

 wheat in 1919. Estimated 

 area, 243,900 acres. 



GRANDPRIZE (ST. LOUIS GEAND PRIZE). 



Description. — Plant winter habit, midseason to late, short; stem white, 

 strong ; spike awnless, clavate, dense, inclined ; glumes pubescent, brown, mid- 

 long, wide ; shoulders midwide, oblique to square ; 

 beaks wide, obtuse, 0.5 to 1 mm. long ; apical awns 

 several, 3 to 15 mm. long; kernels red, midlong, 

 soft to semihard, broadly ovate to oval ; germ mid- 

 sized ; crease usually wide, deep, pitted ; cheeks 

 rounded to angular ; brush large, midlong to long. 

 The Grandprize wheat is usually not uniform in 

 shape of spike, a small percentage of oblong spikes 

 usually being present. Spikes, glumes, and kernels 

 of Grandprize wheat are shown in Plate XXXIV, B. 

 History. — Grandprize (St. Louis Grand Prize) 

 was originated by A. N. Jones, of Le Roy, N. Y., be- 

 tween the years 1900 and 1908. It was distributed 

 by Peter Henderson & Co. (110), seedsmen, of New 

 York City, in 1910. The wheat derived its name 

 from the fact that Mr. Jones received a grand prize 

 for his cereal exhibit at the St. Louis Exposition 

 in 1904. 



Distribution. — Grown in Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, New 

 York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. (Fig. 51.) 



Fig. 51. — Outline map of 

 a portion of the eastern 

 United States, showing 

 the distribution of Grand- 

 I rlza wheat in 1919. 

 Kstlmated area, 34,100 

 acr<s. 



"* Verbal statement of Prof. W. W. Mackle, January 22, 1919. 



