CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT VARIETIES. 153 



to 5 cm. long ; kernels dark red, midlong, hard, ovate to elliptical ; germ small 

 to midsized ; crease midwide, middeep ; cheeks angular ; brush midsized, short. 



Pioneer differs from Preston chiefly in being several days earlier and in hav- 

 ing a darker and harder kernel. 



History. — Pioneer is of hybrid origin, having originated from the progeny 

 of a cross made in 1903 by Dr. C. E. Saunders, Dominion cerealist, at the Cen- 

 tral Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, between Riga and Preston. 



Distribution. — Grown in experiments at field stations in the northern Great 

 Plains since 1915. It has proved to be a fair-yielding variety of high milling 

 quality. It has not proved superior to Marquis, however, and has not become 

 commercially crown in the United States. 



Description.— Plant winter habit, midseason to late, midtall to tall; stem 

 white, weak to midstrong; spike awned, linear fusiform, lax, inclined to nod- 

 ding; glumes glabrous, yellowish white with black-striped margins, midlong, 

 wide ; shoulders midwide, usually oblique ; 

 beaks 1 to 5 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 

 cm. long ; kernels red, long, soft, usually 

 elliptical ; germ small ; crease wide, mid- 

 deep ; cheeks rounded ; brush midsized, 

 midlong. 



This variety is distinct in having black 

 -tripes along the margins of the glumes. 

 A spike, glumes, and kernels of Rudy are 

 shown in Plate XLII, A. Fig. 60. — Outline map of a portion of 



History.— The origin of Rudy wheat has the eastera United States ' showin s 



. -,-,,,-,, ^ / ^r, „r^ the distribution of Rudy wheat in 



been recorded by Carleton (58, p. 65) as 1919 Estimated area> 399,400 acres, 

 follows : 



One of the best of the most recently produced varieties is the Rudy, which 

 was originated at Troy, Ohio, in 1871, by M. Rudy, through a careful propaga- 

 tion of the seed from a superior and a distinct stool of wheat found in a large 

 field. 



Rudy wheat was not included in the varietal experiments of the Ohio Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station until 1892. It is reported as having been introduced 

 into Michigan, however, from western Ohio, in 1891. 



Distribution. — Grown in Arkansas, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, 

 Maryland, Michigan, Missouri. New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, 

 Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. (Fig. 60.) 



Synonyms. — Anti-Rust, Black Mediterranean, Early Rudy, Kentucky Giant, 

 and Queen of New York. 



Anti-Rust is the name under which a sample of Rudy was obtained from In- 

 diana in 1919. The name is wrongly used because the variety is not rust re- 

 sistant. Black Mediterranean was also obtained from Indiana in 1919. The 

 name is doubtless due to the black stripes on the glumes and because Rudy is 

 very similar to Mediterranean excepl in glume color. Early Rudy is the name 

 under which the Rudy variety has recently been grown by the Indiana Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station. Kentucky Giant is the name under which a 

 Sample of Rudy was obtained from Illinois in 1919. This name usually is ap- 

 plied to I Im- Fulcaster variety. Queen of New York is a name under which a 

 sample of Rudy was obtained from I be Indiana Agricultural Experiment Stfl 

 tion through the Cornell University station. 



