188 BULLETIN 1074, U. S. DEPART ME 1ST T OF AGRICULTURE. 



this source by the Department of Agriculture dates from 1900, when seed 

 (C. I. No. 1494) was obtained from T. N. Oium, of Lisbon, N. Dak. This seed 

 was distributed with Kubanka and other varieties. The variety, however, had 

 previously become established in southeastern North Dakota, where it early 

 proved to be well adapted. A pure-line selection (C. I. No. 4064) from this mass 

 variety, developed at the Akron Field Station, Akron, Colo., has recently been 

 grown at most agricultural experiment stations in the northern Great Plains 

 and distributed somewhat. 



Distribution. — Durum wheat was reported in 1919 from 29 States, but the 

 proportion of this which Arnautka represents can not be determined. The 

 variety is extensively grown, however, in Colorado, Minnesota, Montana, North 

 Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. 



Synonyms. — Goose, Johnson, Nicaragua. Pierson, Wild Goose. 



Goose and Wild Goose are names commonly used for Arnautka, or durum 

 wheat in general, particularly by the grain trade, during the early years of 

 durum-wheat cultivation in the United States. There is a tradition that the 

 seed was originally obtained from the crop of a wild goose. 



Johnson is a name under which Arnautka was reported from Michigan. 

 The name is also in use in Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, 

 but not usually for the Arnautka variety. 



Nicaragua is a name used for Arnautka durum wheat in the southern 

 Great Plains, particularly Texas. The source of this wheat is not known. 

 In discussing its origin Carleton (58, p. 40) mentioned "one would infer from 

 the name that it came from Nicaragua." It became grown throughout north- 

 ern Texas in the early nineties and it is 5 still grown there to a considerable 

 extent. It is identical with the Arnautka variety. 



Pierson is the name under which a selected lot of durum wheat identical 

 with Arnautka * has been distributed by George H. Pierson, of Claremont, 

 S. Dak., with the claim that it was a rustproof durum wheat. Concerning this 

 wheat, Mr. Pierson has written as follows : M 



I obtained the seed 17 years ago (1897) from an immigrant who was driving 

 through the State of South Dakota and using it for horse feed. The man was 

 from Kansas and said that they used this wheat for horse and hog feed there. 

 I raised it for some years as a horse and hog feed and then commenced to breed 

 it. It is rustproof with a large head and hardy stiff straw. It outyields all 

 other varieties. 



Description. — Mindum is similar to Arnautka, except for being slightly 

 earlier, in having slightly weaker straw, narrower glumes, longer awns, a 

 shorter or nearly absent brush, and in being more resistant to stem rust. 



History. — Mindum was first grown in 1896 in a centgener nursery at Uni- 

 versity Farm, St. Paul, Minn., as a selection from wheat which was called 

 " Hedgerow," by the Minnesota station. 



Tbe statement was made in the Minnesota accession book that it was a head 

 selection from a field of common wheat. It proved to be a rust-resistant strain 

 at University Farm, and was tested at the substations. It was a high-yielding 

 wheat in experiments conducted at the Northwest substation at Crookston, 

 Minn., during the years 1913 to 1916. The variety was named Mindum (a con- 

 traction of Minnesota durum) in 1918 (106, p. 33), for the purpose of dis- 

 tinguishing it from the commercial Arnautka. 



Distribution. — Mindum was first distributed for commercial sowing in 1917 

 from University Farm, St. Paul, and from the Northwest substation, Crookston, 

 Minn. Grown especially in Kittson and Red Lake Counties, Minn. 



31 Correspondence of the Office of Cereal Investigations, dated May 30, 1914. 



