SUGAE PHiTE. 



11 



grained, and of smooth, rather fine texture. It is easily worked, 

 takes a nail well without splitting, and when finished has a satiny- 

 luster. Among woods showing only slight shrinkage, swelling, and 

 warping due to varying atmospheric conditions, sugar pine ranks 

 with the best. Although resinous, it is comparatively free from 

 noxious elements which impart contaminating flavors and odors. 



WEIGHT, STRENGTH, SHRINKAGE, AND HARDNESS. 



The following figures on weight, strength, shrinkage, and hard- 

 ness of sugar pine are largely the result of tests conducted by the 

 Forest Service on material from five representatives trees cut in Ma- 

 dera County, Cal. These tests were made at the Forest Products 

 Laboratory, Madison, Wis., and the results are directly comparable 

 with those obtained for the other commercial woods which have 

 been studied. The test specimens used were small and clear, and 

 for strength determinations were 2 by 2 inches in section. Bending 

 specimens were cut 30 inches long; others were shorter, depending 

 on the kind of test. 



Table 1. — Shipping lueights, sugar pine lumber, per 1.000 feet board measure. 



2-ineli dimension. 



1-ineh boards. 



4-foot lath 

 (per thousand). 



Rough. 



SISIE. 



Rough. 



SIS or S2S. 



Pounds. 

 2,650 



Pounds. 

 2,300 



Pounds. 

 2,500 



Pounds. 

 2,200 



Pounds. 

 450 



Table 2. — Average viechanical properties of small, clear, green sticks of sugar pine, 

 western yellow pine, white pine, and Douglas fir. 



Species. 



Static bending. 



Fiber 



stress at 



elastic 



limit. 



Modulus 



Modulus 

 of rapture.! elasticity, 



Compres- 

 sion par- 

 allel to 

 to grain. 



Compres- 

 sion per- 

 pendicular 

 to grain. 



Crushing 

 strength. 



Fiber 



stress at 



elastic 



limit. 



I>oii;,'la.s fir (f'acifie Northwest). 



8u;;ur pine ((.'alifomia) 



Wliii.H pine ( Wiscon.sin) 



Western yellow pine (California) 



Lbs. per 

 sq. in. 

 4,920 

 3,330 

 3,410 

 3,180 



Lbs. per 

 sq. in. 

 7, 795 

 5,270 

 5,310 

 5,180 



1,000 lbs. 



per sq. in. 



1,577 



9(i0 



1,073 



1,111 



Lbs. per 

 sq. in. 

 3,910 

 2, 000 

 2, 720. 

 2,420 



Lbs. per 

 sq. in. 



528 

 353 

 314 

 326 



Table 3. — Shrinkage of small, clear meces of sugar pine, western yellow pine, white pine, 

 and Douglas fir from green to oven-dry condition. 



Species. 



lum-^Wi fir d'aciflc -N'orthwest). 



Hnv/.ir plno <'(;;ilifonila) 



WhiU) pino ''Wi.scon.sin; 



Westorn yellow pine (California) 



In volume. 



Per cent. 



12.7 

 8.4 

 7.8 



11.5 



Radial. 



Per cent. 

 5.0 

 2.9 

 2.2 

 4.3 



Tangential. 



Per cent. 



7.8 

 5.6 

 5.9 

 7.3 



