SACBKOOD. 



41 



After periods reckoned in days inoculations of healthy colonies are 

 made. The foUowina; results have been obtained: 



Table VIII. — Length of time the virus of sacbrood remains virulent in honey. 



Date of inoculation. 



June 17, 1915. 

 June 4, 1915 . . 

 Oct. 2, 1915... 

 Sept. 3, 1915.. 

 July 29, 1915.. 

 June 30, 1915 . 



Do 



July 17, 1915.. 

 Oct. 21,1915.. 

 Sept. 8, 1915.. 

 May 13, 1915.. 

 May 6, 1915.. . 

 May 4, 1915... 

 May 18, 1915.. 

 Sept. 3, 1915.. 



Time 



virus 



was m 



honey. 



Mosi 



Days. 







20 







23 







30 







24 







29 







33 







35 







36 







49 







70 



17 



10 



7 



20 



8 



2 



8 



21 



12 



1 



Results of inoculation. 



Sacbrood produced. 



Do. 



Do. 

 No disease produced. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



I The dead brown larval remains were not crushed before being introduced into the honey. 



The experiments recorded in Table VIII show that the virus of 

 sacbrood when suspended in honey at room temperature remained 

 virulent for three weeks, but was entirely destroyed before the end 

 of the fifth week. It is most likely that the virus in most instances 

 is destroyed by the end of one month at this temperature. 



The experiments in which the virus had been allowed to remain 

 in the honey for more than seven months suggest that there is prob- 

 ably no resting stage of the virus to be considered in this connection. 

 The facts tend to indicate that the virus does not receive any marked 

 amount of protection by being in honey. From the dates of the 

 experiments in this group it will be noted that the virus was sub- 

 jected to summer temperature. The evidence at hand indicates that 

 it remains virulent somewhat longer when the temperature is lower. 



RESISTANCE OF SACBROOD VIRUS TO THE PRESENCE OF FERMENTA- 

 TIVE PROCESSES. 



Fermentation and putr('.fac-,tion ' are other means by wliicli the 

 virus of sacbrood may be destroyed in water. A crushed and 

 Btruined mass of tissue from larvae recently d(^ud of the disease is 

 suspended in a 10 per cent sugar (granulated or cjine sugar) solution. 



' "Fermentation" has roferenf« here xjarticiilariy to the brcakinp; up of carbohydrate substances by 

 the growth of microorganisms, the sugars in honey being naturally the carbohydrates especially of interest 

 In these discussions. The process rtisu Its in the forinaliori of a large niimlior of substances — acids, alcohols, 

 etc. The dor a^'M^jompanylng such a prmies-s could not lie calli^d oflcnsive. liy the term "i)ulrofactlori" 

 la meant the hr«iking up of nitrogenous organic siilistanc*^ by microorganisms. Those have a cliemiciil 

 compwltion f|ult« flKferent from the carbohydrates. When broken up tlie resulting siibstiincos are more 

 often alkaline In nature. The dor from a suspension In which jiiitrefactlvo processes are going on is 

 usually distinctly oirenslvo. 



