JUDGING THE DAIRY COW IN SCHOOLS. 



13 



Pin bones: These bones are the parts of the pelvis which are 

 located on each side of the tail. They should be prominent, widely 

 spaced, and on a level with the hips. Low-placed pin bones are the 

 cause of a sloping rump. 



Thighs : The inner surface of the thighs should be thin and curved 

 out so as to give ample room for the udder. Beefy, thick thighs are 

 an objection, as they do not indicate specialization in the milk- 

 producing function and do not give room for a broad udder. 



Tail: The tail should be level in its attachment to the spinal 

 column, small at this junction, and the bone should extend to the 

 hocks ; it should be thin throughout, and the switch long and fine. 



1 



I M^. ' ':: '.^ ' AJ^^Hl 









Kims^sssa^m^^eams^mmsiissNi^iiis^g^mi 



Fig. 0. — A well-developed udder. 



Escutcheon : The escutcheon or " milk mirror " is the region above 

 the udder between the thighs where the hair grows in a different di- 

 rection. 



Hind legs: The legs should be evenly and s(iiuuely placed on the 

 body. The bones of the legs should be clean and close in texture. The 

 joints shoidd be ample in size to form leverages for the actions of 

 the mu.scles, bnt tlicy should be fiT(; fi-oni growths of any nature, 

 either fleshy or cartilaginou.s. AViicn llic hocks are set farther back 

 than the rear of the body they arc described as sickle hocks. 



7'he m/ini/rnf/ri/ KiiHtcrri. — Tlu^ iiiainmary system is (composed of the 

 udder, teats, mammary oi- milk scin.s, ;iiid wells. 



The udder: The ud(l(M- slioiiNI he hirgc, wide, and haxc a long at- 

 tachment to the hfnly of the cow (lig. D). In sha|)e it should be 



