JUDGING THE DAIEY COW IN SCHOOLS. 



15 



the safer way is to have the cow milked d)\v and thus judge the char- 

 acter of the udder. 



Teats: The teats should be of convenient size for milking, and 

 should be evenly and squarely placed at the center of each quarter, so 

 that the bottom will be in a horizontal plane and the distance equal 

 between teats. They should be free from bunches either internal 

 or external, and the sphincter muscles at the bottom of the teats 

 should be rigid enough to prevent the leaking of milk but not stiff 

 enough to cause difficult milking. 



Mammary or milk veins and wells: The mammary veins are lo- 

 cated on each side of the belly, extending from the udder forward 



I'lfj. 11. — Udder attached well forward and well up behind and free from fleshiness. 



toward tlie shoulders. They should Ijc large, long, branching, and 

 tortuous and should enter the abdomen well toward the shoulders. 

 After that portion of the blood i-equired for milk production is 

 taken away the remaining ))ortion returns to the heart thi-ough these 

 veins. A large vein indicates that a great amount of blood is being 

 returned to the hcait and (hat consequently a hii'ge quantity oP blood 

 passed into the udder ;ind wiis i'.viiihdilc for piodiicing milk. In 

 the heaviest milkers these veins me nciv ciookcd mid often bi'anch- 

 ing. In some cases they enter (he abdouieu (lir()U<rli sex'cral openings 

 on each side. The niilU well, or (he opening through which the vein 

 entei's th(; abdomen, shoulil he l;irge;ind well foiwiird. ( I^'ig. I'i.) 



