THE APPLE LEAP-SEWEE. 



to the leaf at equal distances from the midrib. At the beginning, 

 this "vreb is about three-eighths of an inch in width and somewhat 



Fig. 1.— Apple leaf-sew-er (AiKylis nubeculana): a, Apple leaf showing location of silken covering of newly 

 hatched larva; 6, portion of same, murli enlarged; c, newly hatched larva, much enlarged. (Original.) 



greater in length, but gradually the outer edges of the leaf are drawn 

 together and at the end of 24 hours are completely joined (fig. 3, a). 



Fio. 2. 



-The apple leaf-sewer: Work of young larva on leaf. 

 (Original.) 



In constructing this web and weaving the 

 strands of silk from the sides over the mid- 

 rib, the larva appears to exert no force, and 

 the drawing together of the upper sides of 

 the loaf probably results from contraction of 

 the silken strands in (hying. 



When the leaf has been folded in this fash- 

 ion, the larva sews the two halves securely 

 together with silk immediately under the 

 edges. Within this folded leaf (see PI. I, fig, 

 1 ) the insect continues to eat tlio upper par- 

 enchyma, the ex(;reni(;nt l)(iing deposited within the fold n(uir the 

 stem end (PI. I, fig. •'>). 'i'he loaf soon ])egins to present a scorched 

 appearance and the larva eventually gnaws a hole through the 



Fig. 3. — The apple loaf-sower: a, 

 Folded loaf showing how fooding 

 larva is protected; b, full-grown 

 larva, much enlarged. (Origi- 

 nal.) 



