UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



I BULLETIN No. 440 



Contribution from the Forest Service 

 HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester 



Washington, D. C. 



PROFESSIONAL PAPER 



March 8, 1917 



LUMBERING IN THE SUGAR AND YELLOW PINE 

 REGION OF CALIFORNIA. 



By Swift Berky, Forest Examiner. 



CONTENTS. 



Parti. Introduction 1 



The region 1 



The forest 2 



Types of ojwrations 4 



Labor 5 



Camps 8 



Factors affecting the cut 10 



Partll. Logging 13 



Preparing logs for transport 13 



From stump to yard 18 



From yard to landing 34 



From landing to mill 41 



Part II. Logging — Continued. 



Woods supervision 64 



Part III. Manufacture 65 



Mill pond 65 



Sawmills 67 



Sawmill lumber yards 80 



Transportation to common carriers 86 



Part IV. General cost factors 92 



Overhead charges 92 



Depreciation 95 



Summary of the costs of typical opera- 

 tions 96 



PART I. INTRODUCTION. 



THE REGION. 



The sugar and yellow pine region of California extends from the 

 northern boundary of the State southward the entire length of the 

 Sierra Nevada, chiefly west of the summit, and along the Coast 

 Range to Lake County. In this bulletin the region is extended to 

 include the commercial forests of California outside of the coast 

 redwood rcgi(Mi, thus taking in the practically pure stands of yellow 

 and Jeffrey pine on the cast slope of the Sierras, from the Warner 

 Mountains southward. 



The region has three main topographic divisions — the Northern 

 Coast Range, the Sierras, and the east slope of the Sierras and Cas- 

 cades. The Northern Coast Range begins in Lake County and 

 extends northward along the Trinity and Klamath Mountains to 

 the Siskiyous. This is a region of steep slopes, much broken by 



67172'— Bull. 440—17 1 



