BULLETIN 440, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



the relation between trees over 12 inches in diameter breasthigh of 

 the four leading species, in very good sugar and yellow pine stands: 



Area I. 



Average 

 diam- 

 eter. 



Average 



number 



logs. 



AreaH. 



Average 

 diam- 

 eter. 



Average 



number 



logs. 



Sugar pine... 

 Yellow pine . . 



White fir 



Incense cedar 



Inches. 

 42 

 38 

 33 

 31 



8-9 



8 



7 



Inches. 

 46 

 38 

 34 

 32 



The average number of 16-foot logs per 1,000 feet„ board measure, 

 varies from between three and four in the poor stands to between one 

 and a half and two in the best. The average for the region is between 

 two and three logs per 1,000. 



TYPES OF OPERATIONS. 



The sawmill plants cutting pine lumber in California range from 

 the small circular mills which produce not more than 200,000 feet per 

 year to one with two large double band mills with a combined annual 

 output of 90,000,000 feet. The small mills, either steam or water 

 power, are suppUed with logs by means of horses or oxen, and operate 

 only when there is a local demand for lumber. The large mills run 

 two shifts daily and are furnished with logs by logging railroads and 

 modern steam logging contrivances or big wheels. Between these 

 two extremes are operations of all grades and sizes, the principal inter- 

 mediate classes being the circular mills producing from 25,000 to 

 40,000 feet daily for the general market and the single band mills. 

 Most of the large circular mills are supplied by horse logging with 

 trucks or by big wheels or chutes. The single band mills are usually 

 supplied by logging railroads and logging donkeys; a few use horse 

 trucks or traction engines and trucks. 



Logging and lumbering operations may be classified according to the 

 size of the mills, because each mill and the logging equipment which 

 suppUes it are commonly owned by the same person or corporation. 

 Since none of the mills are located on tidewater, or drivable streams, 

 there are no log markets nor logging companies such as exist in the 

 Pacific Northwest. The 600,000,000 feet of lumber produced in the 

 California pine region annually is manufactured by 15 double-band 

 mills, 14 single-band mills, 25 large circular mills, and a host of small 

 circular mills. Each of these implies a separate lumbering operation, 

 except in the case of one concern operating two double-band mills 

 and another having one single band and one large circular, each with 

 a resaw. 



