LUMBERING IN PINE EEGION OF CALIFORNIA. 9 



1,600 feet of lumber and cost from $60 to $70 each. If double- 

 boarded tliroughout, the cost is probably from $90 to $100. Each 

 accom.modates four men ui single bimks, or preferably in steel cots, 

 and provides about 500 cubic feet of air space per man. There is 

 also room for a stove and usually a small table. In some camps 

 only three men are assigned to a cabin, which leaves room for a 

 large table. The use of dining cars and bunk cars is limited to a 

 few camps, but wiU probably increase. For raUroad construction 

 camps and camps at a distance from the railroad, and sometimes 

 for stables and dining rooms at portable camps, tents are frequently 

 used. They can be taken down and stored during the winter. If 

 cared for, a good tent should last three or four seasons. 



When it is desired to move to a new site, the cabins are loaded on 

 flat cars by means of donkey engines. The cookhouse, stable, and 

 shop are either abandoned or torn down and the lumber utilized 

 again. Ordinarily an average sized camp can be moved in one day. 

 The cabins should last for at least 8 or 10 seasons, depending upon 

 the number of moves. Some operators place several, cabins end to 

 end to form a portable cookhouse and dining room. 



Steam donkey logging camps vary in size from those with two 

 yarders to those with five. Each large operation usually has at 

 least two camps with two or three yarders each if the logging is 

 good, or four or five yarders each if loggmg is difficult or if the mill 

 is operating double shift. The first would have from 60 to 80 men 

 and would require about 20 cabins, costing $70 each; a frame cook- 

 house and dining room 20 by 60 feet, costing $350; one stable, 

 costing $150; and a blacksmith shop, costing $50; making a total 

 cost for buildings of about $1,950. The larger camp would contain 

 from 125 to 150 men and have 45 cabins, a cookhouse costing $450, 

 a stable costing $250, and a blacksmith shop costing $100; total, 

 $3,950. 



Bedding is not furnished and mattresses but seldom, though each 

 man is usually permitted to take enough hay for a bed. One com- 

 pany furnishes mattresses, operates a laundry, and provides hot 

 and shower baths in its camps, for all of which each man is charged 

 f2 per month. .Small commissaries are provided in most camps and 

 are tended by the foreman and timekeeper. 



At small sawmills and mills located in the timber the men are 

 housed in frame ca}>ins larger than those used in tlio logging camps, 

 though simihir in construction. A common dining room is pro- 

 vided, and there may be a few cottages for famiUes. In sawmill 

 towns largo boarding houses are usually maintained for the single 

 men and cottages are provided for Hinting to the inai-ried employees. 



