28 BULLETIN 440, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



at a turn, depending upon the size of the logs and the power of the 

 machine. One log is by far the most common. The logs may be in 

 single, double, or triple lengths. 



The territory yarded from a setting is usually in the form of a 

 more or less complete irregular half circle or half square with the 

 center at the main lead block. The runs extend from this common 

 center in the form of radii. Two settings are often made at the same 

 landing. 



The members of the yarding crew are stationed both in the woods 

 and at the machine. The swampers do whatever clearing of limbs 

 and brush is necessary, trim off knots and limbs left on the under- 

 side of logs, and snipe large logs when necessary. Either one 

 swamper or a special man, termed variously gopher and choker 

 hole digger, digs holes under one end of each log to allow the passage 

 of the choker. Each swamper is equipped with an ax and the 

 choker hole digger with an ax and shovel. The riggers or rigging 

 slingers put the chokers on the logs and hook on the butt hook. 

 Each yarding donkey is in charge of a logger or hooktender. He 

 usually stations himself along the run where both ends of the opera- 

 tion can be observed. He issues all orders, and plans the arrange- 

 ment of the lines and the location of the runs. The frogger or block- 

 tender is stationed at the main lead block. He also unhooks and 

 sends back the chokers at the landing. If dirt and debris collect at 

 the frog or landing, they are cleared away by a frog shoveler. A 

 whistle punk stationed in the woods transmits signals by jerking a 

 wire attached to the whistle of the donkey. He also drives the line 

 horse in stringing cable. An engineer and fireman are required at 

 the engine. The men engaged in cutting and packing wood are 

 termed woodbucks. When men are required to pack water on mules 

 or horses they are called waterbucks. 



The Dolbeer donkey, when it is used for yarding, is placed on 

 short hauls, about 600 or 800 feet. The logs are invariably yarded 

 in short lengths, though several small logs may be brought in at one 

 time. Several small yarding blocks are used, the principle being to 

 go around obstacles rather than over them. The inhaul is very slow 

 but powerful, and logs .can be taken up very steep slopes. When 

 located on a railroad spur, the Dolbeer does its own loading, which 

 necessitates a delay in yarding of about one-half hour for each car. 

 The usual output imder these conditions is from 16,000 to 19,000 

 daily. When yarding is done into a chute, the output is aboiit 15 

 per cent greater. The standard crew for a Dolbeer consists of 1 

 logger, 1 engineer, 1 spooltender, 1 lookout, 1 linehorse driver, 3 

 swampers, and 1 woodbuck. One horse is required for shifting the 

 line. Water is suppHed by pumping. 



