LUMBERliSTG IK PlITE HEGlOlsr OP CALIPOElsriA. 37 



Some firms prefer wider chutes called "three pole chutes." Two 

 poles are placed much the same as above, but a third pole is embedded 

 in the ground between them. The average diameter of the outside 

 pole is from 14 to 18 inches, and the average diameter of the bottom 

 pole about 8 inches. The width at the top of the hewing is 30 inches; 

 the width at the bottom is 18 inches; and the depth is 8 inches. The 

 scale is about 10,000 feet per mile greater than that for the two-pole 

 type. 



Donkey chutes may be constructed on nearly any necessary grade, 

 with the exception that long minus grades of 28 per cent or over are 

 apt to lead to trouble, through the logs running and jumping the chute. 

 The usual grade of downhill chutes varies from 3 or 4 per cent to 20 

 or 25 per cent. Adverse grades may occur in such chutes up to 10 

 or 15 per cent. Usually an extra donkey is required at the top of 

 any long or very steep adverse grade. The severest uphill chute 

 noted is one rising 800 feet in 3,900 feet of length (an average of 21 

 per cent), with 1,200 feet having an average grade of over 40 per 

 cent. The steepest stretch is 500 feet with an average grade of 54 

 per cent, within which is a 200-foot pitch of 60 per cent. 



The best results are secured from chutes constructed on tangents, 

 but curves may be used where it is necessary to change the general 

 direction of the chute. Short curves or reverse curves are out of 

 the question and usually not more than two or three curves are prac- 

 ticable, even in the longest chutes. A change of 90° in the direction 

 of a chute may be made by means of two long and gradual curves. 



Typical chute construction crews vary from a foreman and 17 men 

 to a foreman and 22 men. Each commonly has a Dolbeer donkey 

 engine and two horses. The total monthly cost of the former crew 

 is $1,285, and of the latter, $1,600. The latter crew is typical of an 

 extensive chute logging operation and is made up as follows : 



1 foreman $90 and board. 



1 engineer 50 and board. 



1 fireman 45 and board. 



1 woodbuck 40 and board. 



1 waterbuck 40 and board. 



2 swampers 50 and board. 



1 lookout 50 and board. 



1 line horse driver $40 and board. 



5 axmen 50 and board. 



3 shovelmen 40 and board. 



1 grading boss 75 and board. 



5 muckers 40 and board. 



1 line horse. 

 1 water horse. 



The cost per mile of construction depends upon the configuration 

 of the ground and the accessiJMlity of suitable chute timber. Except 

 for short spurs, the cost varies from about 20 cents pvr linear foot 

 under favorable conditions to 40 cents per foot for difficult. Con- 

 struction in open stands, with no rocks and with a fair su])ply of 

 chute timber, costs, exclusive of stumpagc, al)Out $1,000 per mile, of 

 which amount $350 is for clearing and grading. Heavier grading, 

 with some rockwork but no trestles, costs about $1,400 per mile. 



