40 BULLETIN 440, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. 



There should be at least two yarders upon a chute from 2,000 to 

 4,000 feet in length. The crew is larger than that given above by 

 one greaser and one dogger, increasing the daily labor expense by 

 $5. Assuming that the yarders average 30,000 daily, the cost per 

 1,000 is as follows: Operation, 30 cents; fuel, 8 cents; water, 4 cents; 

 maintenance, 10 cents; total, 52 cents. ' 



The most economical chute hauling occurs where three yarders are 

 located upon one chute with one bull donkey. This is rarely done, 

 and such yarders usually do not average over 25,000 daily. The 

 crew contains one greaser and three doggers in addition to the num- 

 ber for one yarder. The daily labor expense is $23.30. The cost 

 per 1,000 is accordingly estimated as follows: Operation, 31 cents; 

 fuel, 5 cents; water, 3 cents; maintenance, 8 cents; total, 47 cents 

 per 1,000. 



On extensive operations, where the chutes are a mile or more in 

 length and have several branches, it is customary to place two buU 

 donkeys and either four or five small yarders upon each chute. 

 The minimum daily output from such a chute is usually about 110,000 

 and the maximum 130,000. The crew required is 2 linemen, 2 bell- 

 hops, 4 or 5 doggers, 2 greasers, 2 shovelers, 2 engineers, and 2 fire- 

 men. Three men and two horses are required to supply fuel, at a 

 daily cost of $9.25. The daily labor cost for an output of 110,000 

 is about $47.25. The cost per 1,000 is approximately as follows: 

 Operation, 43 cents; fuel, 8 cents; water, 5 cents; maintenance, 10 

 cents; total, 66 cents per 1,000. The cost for a daily output of 

 130,000 is as follows: Operation, 38 cents; fuel, 7 cents; water, 4 

 cents; maintenance, 8 cents; total, 57 cents per 1,000. 



The cost per 1,000 board feet of the cables used varies with the 

 length of the haul. Under average working conditions l^-inch main 

 line and f-inch back line last two full seasons. If the work is light, 

 they should last a season longer. Thus for chutes from 3,000 to 

 4,000 feet in length with two yarders averaging 30,000 each daily, 

 the cable cost is about 13 cents per 1,000. For a chute over a mile 

 in length with two bull donkeys and an average daily output of 

 120,000, the cable cost is about 11 cents per 1,000. 



In order to overcome friction, portions of the chutes having low or 

 adverse grades are greased with so-called chute grease (crude petro- 

 leum). The brand commonly used is sold at 21 cents per pound 

 f. o. b. San Francisco. It usually costs about one-haH cent per 

 pound more in the woods. A barrel contains approximately 400 

 poimds and costs about $11 delivered. The amount used depends 

 upon the amount of unfavorable grades. A chute about 5,000 feet 

 in length, of which about one-quarter is upgrade at not to exceed 

 10 per cent, requires one barrel of grease every three days. The 



