LUMBERING I]Sr PIISTE EEGION OF CALIFOEFIA. 45 



average 40,000 per day. Four trips are made with an average load 

 of between 1,600 and 1,700 feet. The daily cost is about $80, or $2 

 per 1,000. The cost of upkeep ranges from 8 to 12 cents per 1,000. 



TRUCK HAULING WITH TRACTION ENGINES. 



Truck hauling with traction engines is used at some small circular 

 mills and at one single-band mill in this region. It does not require 

 any outlay for track, but this is often more than offset by the im- 

 possibihty of using the engines in wet weather. A rainy supamer 

 season will raise havoc with such a logging operation. On the whole, 

 tractions are adapted to truck hauls too long Tor horses. 



The roads required are like those used for horse hauling, except 

 that the roadbed is wider. The cost is consequently greater. Upon 

 a 20 per cent slope the cost of construction, excepting rockwork, is 

 from S625 to $875 per mile. Damp or soft places must be corduroyed 

 with poles. 



A common type of traction engine in use for logging is a 110 horse- 

 power road engine, which costs about $5,000 f. o. b. factory. The 

 fuel may be either wood or oil. The boiler is vertical in order that 

 the engine may be used on heavy grades. The weight of the engine is 

 about 17 tons. The outside width of the driving wheels is 9 feet 7 

 inches, and the width of each wheel is 26 inches. Another engine 

 ■used is a gasoline engine of the caterpillar type, designed for soft 

 ground. The cost of this 75-hor3epower tractor is about $4,500 

 f. o. b. factory. Its weight is 22,700 pounds and its width is 8 feet. 



Two kinds of trucks are used with traction engines. One is four 

 wheeled with cither wooden or steel wheels. The common size has 

 bunks 9 feet wide, spaced 10 feet apart center to center. The wheels 

 are 4 feet 4 inches in diameter and the outside tread is 7 feet. One of 

 these trucks with steel wheels costs about $800 f. o. b. factory. The 

 other type is of all steel construction and has only three wheels, one 

 in the middle at the front. It is rated at 10 tons capacity, as against 

 16 tons capacity for the four-wheeled trucks. 



. A typical traction logging operation furnishes logs for a single-band 

 mill in the eastern Sierras. The length of the haul varies from 2^ to 

 3 miles. The maximum adverse grade loaded is 2 per cent; and 

 empty, 14 per cent. Two wood-burning traction engines make two 

 trips each daily with three four-wheeled trucks. The average truck 

 load is 5,000 feet of logs, a daily output of 60,000. The crow of each 

 engine consists of one (engineer, one fireman, and one brakcman, at a 

 daily cost of $14.25. Approximately 4 cords of slabwood are required 

 daily per engine. A cord is worth about $2 per 1,000 at the mill, 

 making a total fuel cost of $16 per day for both engines. Oil and 

 grease amount to $1,10 daily per engine. Repairs to engines and 



