LtrMBERlisTCT IN" PINE EEGIOIST OP CALIPOENIA. 



55 



cisco is approximately $2.05 per hundi'edweight. The weights of 

 angle bars for three typical weights of rail are as follows: 



Weight 

 of rail. 



Per 

 joint. 



Per mile. 



Pounds. 

 35 

 45 

 60 



Pounds. 

 12.65 

 18.75 

 32.40 



Pounds. 

 4,450 

 6,600 

 11,400 



Four bolts and nuts are required at each rail joint. They come 

 in kegs of 200 pounds each, at a price f. o. b. San Francisco of about 

 $2.65 per hundredweight. With hexagonal nuts the quantity 

 required per mile is as follows: 



Weight of 

 rail. 



Size of bolt. 



Number 

 of nuts 

 in a keg. 



Kegs per 

 mile. 



Pounds. 



35 



40-45 



50 and up 



Inches. 

 2J by f 

 3byt 

 3 to 3J by f 



410 



395 



245-270 



3.4 



3.6 



5.2-5.7 



The cost of standard-size railroad spikes, 5^ by -^ inches, f. o. b. 

 San Francisco, is approximately $2 per hundred weight, or S4 per keg 

 of 200 pounds. The bulk of the spikes used are of this size, though 

 smaller sizes are used for light rails on narrow-gauge lines. The 

 average number of kegs required per mile is about as follows: 



Weight 

 of rails. 



Size of 

 spikes. 



Number 

 of spikes 

 per keg. 



Kegs per 

 mile. 



Pounds. 

 45-90 

 40-50 

 30-45 



Inches. 

 5ibyA 

 5 by A 

 4jbyi 



375 

 400 

 530 



2S-30 

 27 

 20 



Both stub and split switches are used in this region. The better 

 lines are now using the latter type. Two-way split switches with 

 ground throw cost about S40 each, and the installation costs about 

 $12. A stand costs $15 additional. A three-throw switch costs 

 about $60. 



The track laying is usually done by hand. The custom is to deliver 

 the ties and rails at the point of construction on flat cars. with a 

 locomotive. The track-laying crew then carries the ties ahead, 

 places them in position, and lays tbe rails by hand. As the work 

 progresses, fresh supj)lics of tics and rails are moved ahead on a push 

 car. The same crew which lays the track commonly docs the sur- 

 facing, and the costs arc commonly reckoned together. 



