72 BULLETIN 440, U. S. DEPABTMElsrT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



The crew of a representative single-band mill is made up of the 

 following men: One man scaling and operating log j acker, 1 man on 

 log deck, 1 sawyer, 1 setter, 1 dogger, 1 offbearer, 1 pointer, 1 edger- 

 man, 2 men at rear edger table, 1 man tending cut-off and slasher, 

 2 men at trunmer, 1 slab and burner man, 1 foreman, 1 filer, 1 mill- 

 wright and oiler, 1 engineer, 1 fireman, 1 laborer clearing" up bark and 

 refuse, and 1 watchman. 



The daily cost of this crew is approximately $75. Witb a daily 

 output of 60,000 the direct cost of sawing is $1.25 per 1,000. The 

 average cost of maintenance, mcluding supplies and repairs, is ap- 

 proximately 50 cents per 1,000. This is an average for the normal 

 life of a miU, the repairs being less diu-ing the first few years. Thus 

 the average sawing cost is about $1,75 per 1,000, varying normally 

 from $1.65 to $1.85 per 1,000. Some single-band mOls by efficient 

 arrangement and more elaborate equipment cut down the above crew 

 without reducing the output, until the cost of sawing is as low as for 

 a double-band miU. 



All single-band miUs use a table with chain conveyor for grading 

 and sorting the lumber after it leaves the trimmer. The standard 

 crew consists of one grader and four sorters, and the daily pay roll 

 is about $13.75. The cost for a daily production of- 60,000 is there- 

 fore about 23 cents per 1,000. Thus the total cost of sawing and 

 sorting normally ranges from $1.90 to $2.10 per 1,000. 



DOUBLE-BAND MILLS. 



Double-band miUs produce the bulk of the lumber output of the 

 region, and the description of their equipment and sawing operations 

 is given below in detail. The typical miU with twin band saws is 

 frequently increased by the addition of a resaw or a gang saw. In 

 some mills one of the band saws is of the so-called pony type, and 

 one scheme of mill layout involves a single band and a gang. The 

 standard type is accordingly described first, after which the various 

 modifications are mentioned. A rough plan of the layout of a double- 

 band mill is given on page 73. No two mills are designed exactly 

 alike, and the plan given is not advanced as a model but is simply 

 intended to show the general type of sugar and yellow pine miUs and 

 to assist in a clearer understanding of the text. 



The first step in the operation is the removal of the logs from the 

 pond. Since the sawing floor is commonly elevated, it is generally 

 necessary to hoist the logs some distance. This is accomphshed in 

 two ways; by the use of a steel car drawn up on a track by a cable^ 

 or by hauling the logs one at a time up a log shp by an endless sprocket 

 chain. The latter method is the better, especially when the logs are 

 to be hoisted a considerable distance. Less power is required for the 

 other method, however. 



