86 BULLETIN 440, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



mill a double surfacer and a small band resaw are required. Power 

 is usually furnished by a separate plant from that of the sawmill, 

 though it may be combined with the power plant of the box factory. 

 Planing mills cost from $4,000 to $5,000 for a sawmill of 40,000 feet 

 capacity, from $8,000 to $10,000 for a single-band mill, and $15,000 

 for a double-band mill. The cost of planing is approximately $1 per 

 1,000. It is estimated that 30 per cent is the normal proportion of 

 the output that is surfaced in this manner. Upon this basis the pro- 

 rated cost upon the entire cut would be from 30 to 35 cents per 

 1,000. 



Taking all the above items into consideration, the cost of yard 

 handling at most band mills ranges from $1.65 to $2 per 1,000. A 

 cost of $1.85 per 1,000 may be considered as normal. At smaller 

 mills the yard work involves less detail and costs less. 



Most large lumber concerns also operate box and door factories 

 and finishing plants. These are commonly operated in connection 

 with the shipping yards. The principal products are door cuttings, 

 box shocks, moldings, etc., which may be considered as products 

 obtained from the remanuf acture of lumber. 



TRANSPORTATION TO COMMON CARRIERS. 



All sawmills located on common carrier trunk-line railroads load 

 their lumber product for shipment directly into trunk-hne cars in the 

 shipping yard. A large proportion of the mills in the sugar and 

 yellow pine region, not so advantageously located, must provide 

 some means of delivering lumber to the trunk-Une shipping points. 



WAGON HAULS. 



The simplest method of transporting lumber is to haul it on wagons 

 with horses. It is the only means at practically all of the small 

 circular miUs. At the smallest of these the cut is sold at the mill 

 and each rancher hauls home his purchase. Where the lumber is 

 shipped on the nearest railroad or sold to retail yards in the nearest 

 large town, the sawmill operator maintains a number of teams and 

 wagons for hauling lumber. 



The usual lumber outfit consists of a jerk-line team of eight horses 

 hauling two wagons and driven by one teamster. For a 10-mile 

 haul with a moderate amount of adverse grade the average load of 

 lumber is 800 feet per horse. The average load for a team is there- 

 fore in the neighborhood of 6,000 feet. Upon an 8 to 10 mile haul such 

 a team makes one round trip daily. Practieally aU such hauling is 

 done on contract by the owners of the teams and wagons used. The 

 standard contract rate for a haul of 9 or 10 miles with a small amount 

 of adverse grade is $3 per 1,000. The contract rate for a difficult 

 haul of 40 miles in length is $10 per 1,000. The rate for a 40-mile 



