4 BULLETIN 445, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICIJLTITBE. 



At the present time nearly the entire crop is consumed locally. 

 While small shipments are made to Eio de Janeiro and the steamers 

 which call at Bahia usually take on oranges for use on board, an 

 established trade has not been developed. Yet new orchards are be- 

 ing planted every year and the growers seem to be awakening to the 

 possibility of developing a vastly larger and more profitable indus- 

 try, with the hope of building up an export trade which will include 

 not only Europe but eventually the United States as well. Because 

 of superior transportation facilities, the European markets are likely 

 to be entered first. In the past the high cost of transportation, 

 crude methods of packing and handling, and other factors have pro- 

 hibited exportation to distant countries. With fast steamers and 

 the introduction of modern methods of packing and shipping there 

 seems no reason why Bahia should not enter the export field. 



The cultivation of this variety in Brazil is not limited to the State 

 of Bahia. It has been planted in other parts of the Eepublic, but 

 in nearly all cases less extensively than at Bahia itself. Commer- 

 cial orchards are said to exist in the States of Sao Paulo and Rio 

 Grande do Sul. In orchards around Rio de Janeiro the variety is 

 very rarely grown. 



INTRODUCTION OF THE WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE OF BAHIA 

 INTO THE UNITED STATES. 



The United States owes the successful introduction of the navel 

 orange to the late William Saunders, Horticulturist, Landscape Gar- 

 dener, and Superintendent of Gardens and Grounds of the United 

 States Department of Agriculture. It is not certain, however, that 

 the trees which were introduced by Mr. Saunders were the first which 

 had been brought to the United States, though they were the first to 

 come into successful bearing. The late Thomas Hogg, of New York, 

 in an account published in 1888, stated that about 1838 a wealthy 

 Scotch planter in Brazil determined to manumit his slaves and re- 

 move with them to the United States. He settled on an island in 

 middle or southern Florida and then returned to Brazil and secured 

 a collection of plants for introduction, which he consigned to Mr. 

 Hogg, who at that time conducted a nursery at the corner of Broad- 

 way and Twenty-third Street, New York. Among these plants were 

 several navel-orange trees. After the plants had been held in a 

 greenhouse for a year, in order to allow them to recover from the 

 effects of the long sea voyage which they had undergone, they were 

 forwarded to the owner in Florida. During the Seminole War the 

 owner was charged with giving aid and comfort to the enemy, and 

 the entire collection of plants was destroyed by the United States 

 troops. The owner then moved to Haiti. 



