4 BULLETIN 170, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



INTRODUCTION AND. DISTRIBUTION IN AMERICA. 



American nurseries have imported many thousands of pine seed- 

 lings annually from Europe, especially from France. Belgium. Hol- 

 land, Germany, and England. Importations normally take place 

 in the fall, winter, and early spring. At this time of the year the 

 young larvae of the pine moth lie dormant within the buds, so that 

 an infestation is easily overlooked. It is evident that the pest has 

 been present in a number of shipments of late years and that it thus 

 has been introduced repeatedly into American nurseries. In a great 

 majority of these cases, however, the species has been unable to estab- 

 lish itself and has died out during the first year. Many of the 

 larva? die from overheating en route, or from various other unfavor- 

 able circumstances incident to the handling and transplanting of the 

 seedlings under different climatic conditions. Only by a combina- 

 tion of favorable conditions would the few surviving larva? have been 

 able to develop into moths and succeed in establishing the species in 

 this country. This is probably the reason why the species as yet has 

 become established in comparatively few American localities. It 

 appears that such established infestation has taken place only in very 

 recent years and especially within the last two years, or since the 

 demand for European pines has become general. 



Up to the present time the European pine moth has been dis- 

 covered in only 32 nurseries and private estates, representing 20 

 localities in 9 States, namely : 



State. 



Locality. 



Discovered in — 



Illinois 



Do 





Private grounds. 

 One nursery. 

 Do. 





Do 





Do 





Do. 



Do 





Do. 



Do 





Two private grounds. 

 One nursery. 

 Do. 



Do 





Ohio 









Do. 





Pittsbur#i 



Private grounds. 

 One nursery. 



Do 















Do 





One nursery and one estate. 



Do 









One nursery. 

 Do. 



Do 





Do 





Do. 



f!r>nnprtirnt 





Do. 



Rhode Island 













In none of these localities, except on Long Island, has the species 

 existed for more than the last two years, and in most of them it has 

 become established only within the last year. 



But the survey for this insect has so far covered only about 60 

 localities, which could be reasonably suspected to harbor the pest 

 because it was known that importations of European seedlings had 



