SCIENCE- G OS SI P. 



Head, thorax, and antennae red, as in C. sagartia. 

 Fringes distinctly red. U.S. something between 

 that of C. edusa and C. Tiyale in colour and mark- 

 ings. Disc, spot f.w. white-centred, that of h.w. 

 formed by one large and one small silvery spot in 

 dull red rings. Legs yellow, with a reddish tinge. 

 Hab. Tianscan, and the Kouldja district 

 generally. Always at great elevations. 



39. C. ehloroeoma Chr. Hor. XXII. p. SOS 

 (1888). 



$ 55—60 mm., $ 60—70 mm. 



This species is described by E. and H., p. 730. 

 I do not know it myself, but it appears fi'om the 

 description to resemble C. sagartia in colouring. 

 Staudinger queries it as a dimorphic variety of 

 C. liianotica. The <? is described as greenish in 

 colour, the 5 white. He places it between C. 

 liha/iiotioa and C. saga.rtia. 



Hab. S. Armenia (Kasikoparan). Stgr. and E. 

 andH. 



{To be continued.) 



"CAEPENTEE ON THE MICEO- 

 SCOPE." 



A NEW edition of "Carpenter on the Micro- 

 -^--*- scope " Q) is a matter of general interest to all 

 microscopists, for this work has long since definitely 

 taken its place as the principal authority on the 

 subject of microscopy. The book requires there- 

 fore a more extended notice than usual, though a 

 comprehensive review of such an encyclopaedic 

 compilation is, of course, impossible, even did our 

 space admit of it. The fact that the present is the 

 eighth edition renders, however, such review un- 

 necessary, and we shall confine ourselves therefore 

 mainly to pointing out in what respects this 

 edition differs from that immediately preceding it. 

 It is stated that the first seven, and the twentv- 

 third, chapters have been entirely rewritten ; but 

 this, whilst probably true literally, does not imply 

 that the whole of the text of these chapters has 

 been altered. As far as we can see, however, no 

 paragraph that needed alteration or amendment 

 has been left untouched. The first seven chapters in 

 particular, dealing as they do with the microscope 

 itself and with practical microscopy, have been 

 much altered and extended in order to bring them 

 up to the present date. The book is really divisible 

 into two parts, and we wonder this has not been 

 done, instead of the mere division into chapters 

 The new edition contains 120 pages, 2 plates, and 61 

 other illustrations more than the previous edition. 

 The two plates represent bacteria, schizomycetes 



(1) " The Microscope and its Revelations." By the late W. B. 

 Carpenter, C.B., M.D., LL.D., F.E.S. Eighth edition. Edited 

 by the Bev. W. H. Dallinger, D.Sc, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., etc. 

 IX + 1181 pp., 8J in. X h\ in. Illustrated with 22 plates and 

 817 figures in the text. ("London : J. & A. Churchill. 19010 

 Gloth, 28s. : half-calf, 32s. 



or fission-fungi, and pure-cultivations of bacteria 

 respectively. They are, with slight alteration, 

 taken from Cruikshank's " Manual of Bacteriology." 

 Chapter I., dealing with the elementary principles of 

 microscopical optics, contains few textual altera- 

 tions, and is a clear and lucid exposition of the 

 subject which any working microscopist might 

 master with advantage. Chapter II. deals with 

 the princij)le and theoiy of vision with the com- 

 pound microscope, and it is noticeable that 

 Professor Abbe's views on the mode of formation 

 of the microscopic image are now given as if the 

 last word had not necessarily been said on this 

 imiDortant subject. In this chapter the most 

 evident alterations concern binocular microscopes 

 and prisms. Chapter III. deals with the history 

 and development of the microscope, and here 

 naturally the most radical alterations are to be 

 found, as the microscope has undergone many 

 changes and much improvement during the ten 

 years that have elapsed since the seventh and 

 preceding edition of this work issued from the 

 press. The historical portion contains some in- 

 teresting added illustrations of early microscopes, 

 notably Bonannus's horizontal compound micro- 

 scope of 1691, which, be it noted, is fitted with a 

 compound sub-stage condenser. This is remark- 

 able in view of the way the modern sub-stage 

 condenser has had to fight its way amongst makers 

 and users of Continental instruments. Even now 

 a well-known American house finds it necessary to 

 advertise " "WTiat a condenser will do." Another 

 new drawing of an early instrument by Zahn 

 (1702) contains a rotating wheel of graduated 

 diaphragms, placed on the side away from the 

 , lens. There are several corrections as to dates 

 and names. Coming to more modern times, we 

 observe that the editor, who previously con- 

 demned Pow^ell's fine adjustment as applied to 

 the stage as subversive of all ease in manipula- 

 tion, now praises it as being the finest and 

 steadiest yet made, in spite of incidental 

 drawbacks due to alteration of focus of the sub- 

 stage condenser. The. remarks on the respective 

 advantages of the long and short tubes are much 

 to the point, as is the comment on the absurdly 

 short tube-length for which some Continental 

 objectives are corrected. We observe that Mr. 

 E. M. Nelson's new " stepped " rack and pinion 

 receives notice, and that Messrs. Swift & Son are 

 given due credit for the introduction of the now 

 universally adopted " diagonal rack and pinion." 

 The remarks as to fine adjustments are much 

 modified, and the excellence of one type in par- 

 ticular receives full and generous recognition. In 

 fact, the comparison of various types of fine adjust- 

 ment is most carefully considered, and few com- 

 petent workers would be inclined to disagi-ee with 

 the conclusions drawn. The review of stages and 

 mechanical stages is much extended, and the 

 notices of the stands of various makers entirely 



