2l6 



SCIENCE- G OS SIP. 



lady making headway against a strong wind, 

 and the pose of the head, the hand raised to 

 secure the hat, with the boa streaming out over 

 the shoulder, give a sense of reality seldom met 

 with in a pure photograph. It is difficult to 

 understand how the judges passed by such a suc- 

 cessful attempt as this No. 14. James Taylor's 

 " Toilers of the Deep," No. 26, is another example 

 of good honest work ; and we are glad to see that 

 it has been reproduced in the exhibition catalogue. 

 The charm of the picture lies entirely in the suc- 

 cessful attempt to portray the work performed by 

 two fishermen landing their fish. The shine and 

 reflections in the foreground tell the story of a 

 dull, wet day, which is in perfect keeping with the 

 rough but weather-proof clothes of the two men. 

 John H. Gash has, in No. 27, a very good example 

 of his careful work, finished in carbon ; it is 

 entitled "Jet Working." No. 36 is one of those 

 unpleasing efforts of Pierre Dubreuil, entitled 

 " Curieuse," being an exceedingly muddy, blotchy, 

 under-exposed plate. No. 39 is another example 

 of the sacrifice of photography for Art, only the 

 Art is not apparent. No. 143 is reproduced in the 

 catalogue, and thus becomes a permanent warning 

 against plate and paper wasting ; the print is 

 entitled " Solitude." There are, unfortunately, a 

 good many more photographs more or less after 

 this style, such, for instance, as Nos. 63. 85, 102, 

 175, 176, 181. 230, and 234. It is with great plea-, 

 sure we turn back to No. 40, " Burning Ghat, 

 Benares," by C. C. Branch ; this is indeed a 

 splendid picture and excellent photography, and 

 we congratulate Mr. Branch upon the successful 

 manner in which he has handled the subject. 

 This gentleman has an equally good photograph in 

 No. 62, " The Maharana's Elephant." Both pictures 

 are printed in carbon. No. 70, " A Puritan Maiden," 

 by T. Fitzgibbon-Forde, is a very pretty bromide 

 enlargement, but has somewhat of an unfinished 

 appearance, due to a rather bad lighting on the 

 face. No. 76 is a lovely picture of autumn wood- 

 land scenery by Geo. H. Faux. Amongst the best 

 pictures in the exhibition are the following : No. 92, 

 "The Hour of Best," by T. E. Corney-Wilson ; 

 No. 108, " Landing the Catch," by J. Croisdale 

 Coultas; No. 131, ''"Her First Grief," and No. 133, 

 " Honesty," both by David Blount ; No. 145, " S. 

 Giorgio Maggiore, Venice," by John H. Gear, 

 F.R.P.S. ; No. 166, " Un Maitre d Amies," by Furley 

 Lewis; No. 188, " A Peaceful Afternoon, Kashmir," 

 by G. P. Symes-Scutt; No. 21-7, " When the Leaves 

 have Fallen," by W. T. Great batch, F.R.P.S. ; 

 No. 220, "Portrait of a Lady," by W. Crooke ; 

 No. 236, "Ready for Market," by W. M. Warneuke, 

 F.R.P.S.; No. 245, "Toilers," by Thos. Carter; 

 No. 274, " An Old Kitchen," by Burnard Moore 

 (medal) ; No. 277, " The Spinet,"by W. Gill, F.R.P.S. 

 (medal); and No. 319, "The Bridal Rose," by 

 Rudolph Erckemeyer, jun. In the Technical Sec- 

 tion the medal has been awarded to Douglas Eng- 

 lish, B.A., for a series of photographs of animals 

 of the rat tribe in their natural habitat. There are 

 also some very fine studies of large animals by H. 

 Nouaille Rudge, No. 517 being particularly good. 



Christmas Numbers. — The " Journal of Photo- 

 graphy " has issued one of the most beautiful of 

 this year's Christmas numbers. It is about 11 in. 

 x 8§ in. in size, with 42 pages and 32 plates. 

 There is a supplement of 16 pages, representing 

 mounts for photographic Christmas cards. Some 

 of the plates are striking in their artistic beauty. 



There are a number of articles on various subjects, 

 critical and suggestive. The first article discusses 

 and illustrates the work of three prominent French 

 photographers ; they are MM. Robert Demachy, 

 C. Puyo, and R. Le Begue. The first is a well-' 

 known manipulator of the gum bi-chromatic 

 process. Three of his pictures are reproduced as 

 plates. There is also a plate by the second 

 artist and two by the last-mentioned. The 

 Christmas number of the " Photogram " is also to 

 hand with a frontispiece, representing the choir in 

 Ely Cathedral, by Dr. John W. Ellis. There are 

 interesting notes on "A Seat of Photographic 

 Learning," which is in the Technische Hochschule, 

 Charlottenburg, under the control of Dr. Adolf 

 Miethe. Mr. Ellis Kelseyhasan article on "Night 

 Photography at Eastbourne," with numerous illus- 

 trations. The children are not forgotten, a pretty 

 series being entitled " Baby and the Gold-Fly." 



PHOTOGRAPHY FOR BEGINNERS. 



BY B. FOULKES-WIXKS, M.R.P.S. 



(Continued from page 118.) 



Section II. Shutters. 



The instantaneous shutter on a hand camera' is 

 as important as the lens itself, and is worthy of 

 careful consideration. The question is not of so 

 much importance when applied to stand cameras, 

 although we recommend a shutter to be attached 

 to every camera for both time and instantaneous 

 exposures. For ordinary stand cameras we do not 

 think the photographer can do better than use a 

 Thornton-Pickard time and instantaneous roller- 

 blind shutter. This we prefer fitted behind the 

 lens ; but if the user is likely to require very short 

 exposures, it will be necessary to also fit the camera 

 with a focal plane shutter. The ordinary roller- 

 blind shutter will give exposures varying from 

 J- 6 th of a second to T tth, and time exposures. A 

 shutter giving a greater range of speeds is the 

 Bausch and Lomb diaphragm shutter, which will 

 give a range from T goth of a second up to 3 seconds, 

 and time. This shutter, however, works between 

 the lenses, and is, therefore, not so convenient 

 when more than one lens is to be used. . 



A very simple, and at the same time efficient 

 shutter, is the old drop-shutter, which is cheap and 

 also useful for ordinary stand-camera work. There 

 is another almost forgotten shutter, but for land- 

 scape work, where high speed is not required, it is 

 one of the best we have ever met with. This is 

 known as the window-blind shutter, and is worked 

 by simply pulling a double-acting roller blind 

 across the front of the lens. It opens at the 

 bottom, passes upwards across the lens, and comes 

 down again, finishing the exposure at the bottom 

 of the opening in the lens. Thus it will be seen 

 that the exposure is considerably more on the fore- 

 ground portion of the plate than it is to the sky, 

 and in all landscape work this will be found a 

 distinct advantage. 



For hand-camera work a shutter must be selected 

 that will give a good range of speeds, varying, 

 preferably, from ^th of a second to half a second, 

 and for time. The shutter should also be what 

 is known as a self-capping or safety shutter — viz. 

 one that will not open when the shutter is set. Such 

 cameras as the "Newman and Guardia," "Adams," 

 " Kodak," etc., are all fitted with these shutters ; 

 but where there is the option of selection a 



