6 BULLETIN 117, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



DISTRIBUTION OF FARM AND LABOR INCOMES. 



For the purpose of this study the 69 records from farm owners 

 were divided into three groups, as shown in Table I. The first group 

 represents fruit and truck farms, each of which has a cultivated area 

 usually of less than 25 acres. The main crops are beets, fruit, and 

 truck, as more than one-half of the receipts come from these crops. 



The second group comprises those general farms each of which has 

 an area in crops exceeding 25 acres. Their owners grow practically 

 the same kinds of crops as those on the small farms, but a larger pro- 

 portion of their crop receipts are from sugar beets, grain, and hay. 

 Over two-thirds of their entire farm receipts come from the sale of 

 crops. 



The third group, only four in number, includes grain and live-stock 

 farms. Less than one-third of the receipts on these farms comes 

 from the sale of crops, while more than one-half is from the sale of 

 live stock and live-stock products. 



Table I. — Average area, capital, receipts, expenses , farm income, and labor income on 69 

 farms operated by their owners in Utah. 



Items of inquiry (averages). 



First 



group. 35 



small 



farms, 



Size of farms acres 



Crop area do.. 



Capital 



Receipts 



Expenses 



Farm income 



Labor income 



20.5 

 16.5 



S5, 684 

 954 

 423 

 531 

 247 



Second 



group, 30 



fruit and 



beet farms. 



59.6 

 42.1 



Third 



group, 4 



grain and 



live-stock 



farms. 



Sll, 802 



1,969 



790 



1,179 



589 



S16.989 



2,420 



951 



1,469 



620 



Average 



for all 69 



farms. 



30. 



S9, 000 



1,480 



613 



867 



417 



Table I shows that the average size of the 35 small farms is 2(H 

 acres, with 16| acres in crops. The average labor income of this 

 group is $247. This amount represents the farmer's wages for his 

 year's work. In addition to the $247, he had the use of the house to 

 live in and those products which the farm furnished toward his living. 

 If he had to pay no interest on a mortgage, he had the total amount 

 of the farm income, which is $531, to use for savings and living ex- 

 penses. Of the 35 farms in this group, one-fifth of them failed to make 

 a plus income. Two-thirds received less than $300 for their year's 

 work. 



The second group of farms, 30 in number, is of the same general 

 type, but they are much larger in size, the average area being nearly 

 60 acres. Their capital is about double and their labor income of $589 

 is more than twice that of the average small farm. Over two-thirds 

 of those in this group had a labor income of more than $300, and over 

 half made more than $500. 



