ZYGADENTJS, OR DEATH CAMAS. 23 



spasmodic. Her pulse was weak. At 11.45 a. m. her respiration was 68. At 9.30 p.m. 

 her temperature was 105.3° F., respiration 24, and pulse 120, but weak. The animal 

 was given subcutaneously 3 drops of fluid extract of digitalis in 6 c. c. of whisky. 

 During the day there had been very little change in her condition. She lay in a 

 coma, from which she did not rouse herself except occasionally to shake the flies 

 from her ears. Her position had been changed from time to time by the attendants. 

 She was found dead on the morning of July 22. 



At the autopsy the venous blood vessels were found congested and the lungs were 

 congested, as were the liver and kidneys. There was considerable inflammation of 

 the walls of the fourth stomach and of the whole length of the intestines. Sections 

 of the kidney showed that the capillaries were much congested, and there was some 

 degeneration of the tubule walls. Sections of the liver showed acute congestion, and 

 the same condition was noticed in the sections of the lung. 



Sheep No. 197. — This animal (Table I, section G) was a ewe 2 years old, lent by 

 Mr. Ole Birkeland on May 9, 1913. An unsuccessful attempt was made to feed Zyga- 

 denus venenosus tops to her on May 12. 



On May 26, at 11.25 a. m., she was drenched with 178 grams of Zygadenus venenosus 

 tops suspended in water. These plants were collected on May 23. At 11.40 a. m. 

 she was frothing at the mouth. At 11.45 a. m. she was given a drench of 1 gram of 

 diuretin and 0.455 gram of caffein citrate. At 11.50 a. m. she was vomiting, and when 

 observed at 12 m. the vomiting was continuing. At 12.05 p. m. her respiration was 

 getting irregular and deeper. At 12.30 p. m. her respiration was extremely fast and 

 she was panting. At this time she was violently nauseated and threw herself down 

 two or three times and then jerked about in a spasmodic manner. At 12.40 p. m., 

 being extremely nauseated she was trying to vomit, throwing herself down, and the 

 spasmodic movements were followed by quick, panting respiration. At 12.45 p. m. 

 her respiration was about 200. She showed weakness in her legs. At 1.15 p. m. she 

 repeated the spasmodic movements which had been noticed at 12.30 and 12.40 p. m., 

 evidently struggling to get breath. She threw her head from side to side and ran the 

 length of the corral, throwing herself upon the ground and rising again as though 

 having a fit. The mucous membranes of the mouth were cyanotic. These move- 

 ments were repeated a little later. At 1.30 p. m. she was given a dose of 5 c. c. of gin. 

 Another struggle for breath followed, and it was noted after this struggle .that her 

 heart action was very rapid and strong. The beat was audible to the observers. 

 Five c. c. more of gin were given subcutaneously. At 1.36 p. m. she was lying upon 

 her side. Her respiration was 160. At 1.40 p. in. she had another struggle for breath, 

 throwing herself about violently, even throwing herself over upon her back. These 

 struggles were repeated at 1.49 and at 1.53 p. m. The mucous membrane of the 

 mouth at both times was very markedly cyanotic. At 1.55 p. m. she was given 5 c. c. 

 of gin. At this time she was still strong-enough to get on her feet. She was urinating 

 freely. At 1.59 p. m. she passed through another spasmodic attempt to breathe. 

 At 2.02 p. in. her pulse was about 200. At 2.06 p. m. there was a spasmodic struggle 

 for breath. At 2.10 p. m. the animal was breathing with very great difficulty. Am- 

 monia was used to stimulate her respiration. Her pulse was 130. At 2.45 p. m. she had 

 great difficulty in respiration, but at this time it was not accompanied by a spasmodic 

 struggle. At 3.06 p. m. she had another spasmodic struggle, and ammonia was used 

 as a stimulant. At 3.30 p. m. her respiration some of the time was very rapid, becom- 

 ing as high as 200 per minute. Then it slowed down and became labored. On the 

 whole the animal at this time seemed somewhat better. At 3.39 p. m. she made a 

 struggle to get upon her feet but was unable to do so. Her respiration at this time 

 was variable and very labored, the breathing being followed by quick, panting efforts. 

 At 4.10 p. m. her respiration nearly stopped. She was stimulated with ammonia. 

 At 4.15 p. m. ammonia was again used. At 4.45 p. m. her respiration was 132. At 



