KATYDIDS INJURIOUS TO ORANGES IN CALIFORNIA. II 



the middorsal line from between the eyes to a point between the 

 posterior wing-pads. The insect hangs helplessly, head downward, 

 suspended by the posterior claws, and gradually works its way out of 

 the dead skin. The head, thorax, fore-legs, intermediate legs, wings., 

 abdomen, and hind legs are freed from the exuvium in the order 

 named. During the entire process the antennae are held lightly be- 

 tween the maxillary palpi and pulled and guided carefully from their 

 position along the ventral surface of the body. 



ENEMIES OP THE NYMPH. 



A common gray jumping spider, determined by Mr. Nathan Bank% 

 of the Bureau of Entomology, as Thiodina puerperis Htz., has been 

 observed to capture the small nymphs of the first instar. This actives, 

 solitary spider is quite numerous on orange trees in the San Joaquiii 

 Valley, and feeds upon insects of several orders, injurious and bene- 

 ficial alike. The very young spiders capture insects as minute as 

 the citrus thrips. 



In 1911 a small chipping sparrow was noted in some abundance 

 among trees of various katydid-infested orchards, and was apparently 

 very busily capturing katydids. Birds are undoubtedly the most 

 important enemies of the katydid in this section. 



The Adult, 

 general appearance. 



The adults (PL III, fig. 2) are dark green, their color blending 

 almost perfectly with that of the orange leaves. They habitually 

 seek the shady interior of the tree during the heat of the day, thus 

 adding to the difficulty of discovery, even when fairly abundant. 

 Their length is about \\ inches from vertex to tip of wings. When 

 they are at rest, the wings, which are narrow and rounded at the tips 

 are closely folded along the sides of the body. In flight the stiff, out- 

 stretched wings and the habit of sailing for considerable distances 

 with scarcely any wing movement give them a fancied resemblance 

 to a monoplane. 



EMERGENCE AND MATING. 



A a rule most of the nymphs transform to the adult stage early in 

 the summer, though the exact time of beginning emergence varies 

 more or Less in different years. In 1912 adults were fairly numerous 

 by June \~> and practically all of the insects were in the adult stag© 

 by July 5. In 1911 the period of emergence was slightly later than 

 in 1912, and nymphs were found in the held until about July 17. 



Mating usually takes place about 20 days after emergence, the 

 time elapsing between the Last molt and the first copulation varying 

 from 11 to 40 days. Females which have, recently mated can usually* 



