6 BULLETIN 274, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



many others, the ones mentioned or modifications of these are most 

 commonly employed and have been found to be most practicable and 

 profitable. 



In the upright system, as illustrated in figures 3 and 4, the old 

 canes are trained between the wires which serve to' hold them to- 

 gether and in place. The new canes come up among the old ones or 

 else grow on the ground. The posts which support the wires are 

 about 7 feet in length, set 5 feet above ground at from 30 to 50 feet 

 apart. In this and other systems the wires may be attached directly 

 to the posts or to crosspieces or arms, the wires being all the way 

 from 10 to 16 inches apart. Either one or two sets of wires are used, 

 the top wires being placed from 4 to 5 feet from the ground, the sec- 

 ond set from 21 to 30 inches. 



Fig. 5. — Red raspberries trained in accordance with one of several systems in use at 

 Sumner, Wash. Topping is not practiced in this system. 



The weaving system may be used with either one or two sets of 

 wires. Where two are used the old canes are wound three or more 

 at a time along one of the top wires, the lower wires being used 

 to hold the new canes in place and out of the way of the old ones. 

 There are a great many variations in this system, from those having 

 onty one wire along which to wind the old canes and with none to 

 hold the new ones off the ground and free from the old canes to 

 another method where the canes are not woven in as above described 

 but are arched over the top wire two or three at a time and tied to 

 the lower wire, the lower wires in such cases being about 18 inches 

 and the top wire 60 inches from the ground. Several variations in 

 the weaving system are shown in figure 5, where the canes are all 

 woven together three or more at a time along the top wire, in figure 



