16 BULLETIN 274, tf. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Butte, Helena, and Billings, Mont., and to various points in North 

 Dakota and South Dakota, such as Fargo, Grand Forks, and Aber- 

 deen, as far east as Lincoln, Nebr., and Minneapolis, Minn., and to 

 such Canadian points as Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, Begina, and 

 Moosejaw. 



Nearly all of the berries in the valley are marketed through the 

 association, there being very few growers who are not members. 

 All of the berries that are not shipped are turned in to the cannery, 

 the association paying a uniform price to its members, determined 

 after the running expenses and the selling prices are known. During 

 the season of 1912 a considerable quantity of the fruit turned in to 

 the cannery was put up in barrels. Practically no berries are evapo- 

 rated in this section. 



Fig. 15. — Inspecting red raspberries on the platform at Puyallup, Wash., before loading 

 them into a refrigerator car. 



CAUSES OF DECAY OF FRUIT IN TRANSIT. 



The most common cause of decay of berries in transit and after 

 arrival on the market are mold fungi, principally gray or black 

 mold (Botrytis) and blue mold (Penicillium). Neither of these two 

 fungi seriously attacks firm, sound berries, but they quickly attack 

 and cause the decay of berries injured or bruised in handling or soft 

 from being overripe. Investigations with less tender and perish- 

 able fruits, such as oranges, apples, pineapples, lemons, and the like, 

 have demonstrated that there is a direct relationship existing between 

 the type of handling given the fruit and its behavior after picking, 

 in transit, and after arrival on the market. The results of the work 

 with berries are fully consistent with the general principles under- 



