SHIPMENT OF BED RASPBERRIES. 23 



of cooling of all lots was more rapid than in fully loaded cars. It 

 was therefore deemed necessary to obtain some data from actual ship- 

 ping experiments. 



Great difficulty was experienced in procuring the desired number 

 of cars consigned to any one market, but arrangements were made to 

 place the experimental crates in cars destined for Grand Forks or 

 routed through that point, opening the cars and withdrawing the 

 crates in transit. The crates were transferred to an iced car held 

 there, the transfer being made quickly after wrapping in thick can- 

 vas to protect the contents from contact with the warmer air and pre- 

 vent a consequent condensation of moisture. The fruit was transferred 

 to the refrigerator car and held for different lengths of time after 

 arrival there, in order that conditions representing hauls of approxi- 

 mately four, six, and eight days might be obtained. The period of 

 transportation to Grand Forks was usually a little less than four days, 



CAREFUL ORDINARY 





HANDLING COMMERCIAL HANDLING 





P£R C£NT DECAY f>£R C£A/T D£CAY 









1 1 FOUR DAYS IN CAR 1 III 1 



1 ' 1 



| 2 ON WITHDRAWAL 3.9 ^B 





III Q8 ONE MY LATER 9.7 ■llllllllllllllllll 



SIX DAYS IN CAR 





| O.a ON WITHDRAWAL 7.4 | £B 





] | 5.5 ONE DAY LATER 19.8 , , I 



EIGHT CAYS IN CAR 



d 2 7 Oil WITHDRAWAL W.6 Hm^HHi 





■ | S.I ONE OAT LATER 31.3 |j .: \ •; . . ' ■ ' ": ■ ■ ,|| IIMillll LIIMHIIIIIl'I 





Fig. 18. — Diagram illustrating the percentage of decay in carefully handled and ordi- 

 nary commercially handled red raspberries after arrival at Grand Forks, N. Dak. The 

 decay shown under the heading " Four days in car" is that developed in transit from 

 Puyallup to Grand Forks, and the decay shown under the headings " Six days in car" 

 and " Eight days in car," respectively, represent additional holding periods in an iced 

 car at Grand Forks of two and four days, making total transit periods of six and 

 eight days. 



and the fruit was quite thoroughly cooled in transit, so that the trans- 

 fer to another iced <"n- resulted in but slight change in temperature. 

 The holding periods of two and four days in this car after arrival 

 therefore gave conditions during transil periods of six and eight 

 days. These periods correspond with the holding periods ;i( Puyallup 

 during the season of I'd L 



SIUI'I'IM; I IS IS 1)1 ItlNC THE SEASON OF 1912. 



Figure l v and Table II show the results of these inspections and 

 corroborate fully the results of the season of L911. 



The carefully handled fruii -how- hut 0.2, 0.8, and 2.7 per cent of 

 decay al the end of four, six, and eight days, respectively, as against 



