26 



BULLETIN" 274, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



These men paid their pickers the same wage. The great differences 

 noted were due mainly to the character of the work required by the 

 owner from his help. These figures emphasize most strongly the need 

 of closer supervision of the picking by the association. If all the 

 handling operations could be brought up to the standard of the better 

 ones shown in the above table, the carrying quality and reputation 

 of the fruit would be greatly enhanced, the markets could be greatly 

 extended, and more remunerative prices could be obtained. 



EFFECT OF DELAY IN COOLING ON KEEPING QUALITY. 



Nearly everyone recognizes the need for the prompt cooling of fruits 

 intended either for shipment or storage, particularly such tender 

 fruits as red raspberries, which ripen very rapidly after removal from 



IMMEDIATE 



P£# CS/VT DECAY 



FOUR DAYS IN CAR 



7.1 ON WITHDRAWAL 27.7 

 18.3 ONE DAY LATER 39.5 



SIX DAYS IN CAR 



16.9 ON WITHDRAWAL 38.7 

 Z8.3 ONE DAY LATER 54.5 



EIGHT DAYS IN CAR 



30.2 ON WITHDRAWAL 50.4 

 43.5 ONE DAY LATER 62. 1 



DELAYED 



f*£i? <rmr D£C4r 



' 1 ' 1 . ' 1 ' 1 ' 



1 ' 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 



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Fig. 20. — Diagram illustrating the percentage of decay in red raspberries of immediate 

 and delayed loading, season of 1911, representing comparable lots of fruit, the 

 immediate loaded as soon as brought in from the field, the delayed held over until the 

 next day before being placed in the refrigerator car. Both lots were held in an iced 

 car at Puyallup, Wash. 



the vines, especially if the temperatures are relatively high. To dem- 

 onstrate the effect of delay in cooling on red raspberries, a certain 

 number of crates from each series during the 1911 season were held 

 out and not placed in the refrigerator car until the afternoon of the 

 following day. Table IV and figure 20 bring out strikingly the 

 results. 



Table IV. — Decay in commercially handled red raspberries following immediate 

 and delayed loading at Puyallup, Wash., in 1911. 



Time in iced car. 



Decay on withdrawal. 



Immediate. 



Delayed. 



Decay 1 day after with- 

 drawal. 



Immediate. 



Delayed. 



4 days 

 6 days 

 8 days 



7.1 

 16.9 

 30.2 



27.7 

 38.7 

 50.4 



18.3 

 28.3 

 43.5 



39.5 

 54.5 

 62.1 



