4 BULLETIN" 365^ IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



poisoning in 30 minutes and death in 2 hours. A second lamb was 

 given, hypodermically, one dram of the chloroform extract, and a 

 third lamb received in a similar manner one dram of benzol extract. 

 Both of these animals showed symptoms of poisoning in 15 minutes, 

 but later recovered after having received, hypodermically, doses of 

 atropine with inhalations of ammonia. 



Knowles, in 1897, in the " First Annual Eeport of the Board of 

 Sheep Commissioners of Montana," speaks of the losses of both cattle 

 and sheep and recommends as remedies ammonia, alcohol, atropine, 

 digitalis, and nux vomica. He says that the most serious losses are 

 among sheep. This article was issued apparently as a circular of 

 the Montana State veterinarian's office in advance of the publica- 

 tion of the report of the sheep commissioners. 



Chesnut, in his three publications of 1898, speaks ot Delphinium 

 trlcorne Michx., D. geyeri Greene, Z>. memiesii D. C, D. recurvatum 

 Greene, D. scopulonMri' Gray, and D. trolliifoliuTrh Gray as poisonous 

 to stock. Macoun, 1898, states in the Eeport on the Poison Weed of 

 the Rocky Mountain Foothills that he examined the stomach con- 

 tents of cattle that had died in the neighborhood of Calgary, making 

 also an investigation of the plants of the region where the animals 

 had died, and came to the conclusion that without doubt the deaths 

 were caused by eating Delphinium scopulorum Gray. Willing, 

 1899, states that a number of sheep are supposed to have died from 

 larkspur poisoning in the Cypress Hills district. In Bulletin No. 

 2 of the Government of the Northwest Territories, 1900, larkspur 

 is discussed and the experience of Prof. Macoun is referred to, with 

 quotations from Wilcox, 1897. 



Wilcox, 1899, discusses the tall larkspur as a poisonous plant for 

 cattle in Montana. He describes the locations in which the plant 

 grows, giving a g'eneral description of the plant itself, and states 

 that the principal losses of cattle occur in the spring, after late 

 snowstorms, when the larkspur is the only plant which appears above 

 the snow. He does not think that any very large number of cattle 

 are poisoned in any single year, but that the sum total of the loss 

 is a rather serious matter, and recommends that the cattle be kept 

 away from the larkspur areas, especially after spring snowstorms. 



In 1901 was published Chesnut and Wilcox's Stock-Poisoning 

 Plants of Montana, This bulletin discusses in considerable detail 

 Delphinium glaucwm Wats, and D. hicolor Nutt. as poisonous plants, 

 and details are given of the experimental feeding of these plants to 

 rabbits and sheep. A series of experiments was made, using ex- 

 tracts of tall larkspur, identified as DelpMniwm glaucum. These 

 extracts were made in water and alcohol. In one of the experiments 

 the expressed juice of the plant before flowering was fed directly 

 into the stomach of a sheep. Symptoms of poisoning were noticed, 



