BEICK EOADS. 23 



taining more or less loose rock the cost per cubic yard generally runs 

 from 40 to 75 cents, while grading in solid rock may sometimes cost 

 as much as $1.50 per cubic yard. The cost of the rough grading 

 should be considered entirely apart from the cost of the pavement. 



The cost of shaping and rolling the subgrade after the rough grad- 

 ing is completed will ordinarily vary from 3 to 5 cents per square 

 yard. This cost should be included with the other items which make 

 up the cost of the pavement. 



The cost of the curbs varies with the character of the material 

 used. Stone curbs ordinarily cost from 25 to 75 cents per linear foot, 

 while curbs made of Portland cement concrete cost, as a rule, from 20 

 to 50 cents per linear foot. The higher prices for the concrete curbs 

 apply principally to special cases requiring extra form work or con- 

 siderable extra material. 



The cost of the foundation depends largely on the cost of the 

 materials with which it is constructed. Gravel or broken stone can 

 usually be spread and rolled at from 5 to 7 cents per square yard, 

 while the cost of these materials, delivered, varies from $0.60 to $2 

 per cubic yard. Mixing and placing concrete usually costs from 35 

 to 75 cents per cubic yard, according to the amount of work to be 

 done and the methods employed, and the cost of the materials, 

 delivered, ordinarily varies from $2.50 to $4.50 per cubic yard of 

 concrete. 



The cost of paving brick at the kiln varies from about $13 to $16 

 per thousand. Estimating 40 brick to the square yard, each 1,000 

 brick cover approximately 25 square yards, which makes the cost at 

 the kiln per square yard of pavement vary from 55 cents to about 65 

 cents. These figures mean very little, unless the kiln is located con- 

 veniently near where the brick are to be used, for freight charges not 

 infrequently amount to more than the cost of the brick. 



The amount of joint filler required varies of course with the thick- 

 ness of the joints. If grout is used as a filler, it is customary to 

 estimate about 1 barrel of cement to each 25 square yards of pave- 

 ment. If a bituminous filler is used, not more than about 1 gallon 

 of bitumen should be required for each square yard of pavement. 



A force consisting of one paver and five laborers should place on an 

 average about 220 square yards of brick per 10-hour day; while 

 supervision, rolling, and incidental expenses are ordinarily equivalent 

 to the cost of hiring about three and one-half additional laborers. 



If C = cost of cement per barrel, S = cost of sand per cubic yard, 

 A = cost of coarse aggregate per cubic yard, B = cost of paving 

 bricks per 1,000, and L = cost of labor per hour, with all materials 

 considered delivered on the work and all costs expressed in cents, then 

 the probable cost of constructing a brick pavement, including the 



