SCIENi E-GOSSIP. 



103 



Genitai \\ 1 » (Fi 1 1 1 li ive drawn half the 

 ne 1 bere, one plntc onlj showing (hi threi lit 

 n in. I. , , repi tted on (he othei si. k . 



Fig. 1 Fig. 5. 



//. longifalfis. 



Fig. i GENITAI AREA, PBMALE. Fig. 5. — GENITAL AREA. 



H \[ I 



Male, — 1-. is usual, a little smaller, but ex- 

 hibits ii" difference in structure except in the 

 genital area. Fig. 5 will show the plate of the 

 male drawn ' le only. 



I >" autiks. — Common everywhere. Found 



both in ponds tnd streams, more often in streams. 



Mr. Taverner found them in Scotland, and I >r. 



hi in his list "i mites records it from co. 



Dublin and reports them as common in Ireland. 



i '/\ in • ontinvt >/■) 



ARCHEOLOGY IN DERBY- 

 SHI RE. 



A T ;i recent meeting of the British Association it 

 ■^^ wis decided to include archeology among the 

 sciences. It is not, therefore, necessary to give any 

 excuse to our readers for the following short account 

 of the proceedings of the British Archeological Associa- 

 tion, during the 56th Congress, held this year at 

 Buxton. Space will not permit of a detailed descrip- 

 tion of the various churches, earthworks and other 

 places of interest visited by the Society nor of the 

 papers read by members at the evening meetings, but 

 one or two connected with the early history of man 

 are especially suitable for notice in this magazine. I 

 will especially mention a visit paid to Arbor Low, a 

 circle of stones situated on the hills near Parsley 



I la) Station. This is one of the earliest, in fact, 

 according to some authorities, the most ancient 

 monument o( the kind in Britain. It has fortunately 

 been protected by Sir John Lubbock's Act for the 

 preservation of ancient monuments. Dr. Brushfield, 

 F.S.A., who described the ' circle, said the word 

 " low" was usually understood to mean *' high." but 



II was really Saxon for " barrow." In this case, the 

 barrow is supposed to have been a temple of early 

 neolithic times, probably erected over the remains of 

 some chief, or lighting man, famous in his day and 

 venerated after his death. It is surrounded by a 

 bank having the ditch inside the circle : which is 

 very unusual. Near the centre is a circle of stones 

 thirty-two in number, the largest being about ten feet 



th, l.ul they are slab., no! blocks, III the 



midst uas a cromlech 01 dolmen. About three 



hundred and fifty yard, away outside the fo 



Gib Hill, »hile investigating a supposed tumulus, a 



cistvaen was found with other remains of the 



neolithic period, such as worked flints and spear 



heads. There was Mime discission a, n, tin 1 



of the Romans having mad.- a road within a shorl 



di tanci ol Vrbi n 



At one of the evening meetings the Rev. II. 

 Dunkinfield Aslley read a paper on jet and cannel 

 coal ornaments and slate implements, illustrated with 

 numerous drawings of a crannog at Dumbuck, and 

 a very good exhibition of objects found there. After 

 an exhaustive survey of these ornaments and imple- 

 ments the lecturer compared them with those still in 

 use among people in a neolithic condition of culture. 

 He was of opinion that the Dumbuck crannog is a 

 monument of the later Stone Age. 



Mr. J. C. Gould conducted the party to the earth- 

 works on Castle Hill overlooking Bakewell. This 

 he pointed out was never a castle, but a good 

 example of an Anglo-Saxon earthwork. The outer 

 line of fortifications of the " ballium " and the central 

 mound, which corresponds to the Norman keep, are 

 distinctly visible. A charming view of the country is 

 obtained from this mound, doubly interesting because 

 everyone of the hills around, have prehistoric remains 

 in the shape of barrows. It is supposed that a 

 plateau a linle distance up the valley, cut out on one 

 of the hillside:; was an ancient ''moot-place" where 

 the men of the village, or " tun"=town, met to settle 

 their affairs. Mr. Gould also read a paper on 

 Defensive Earthworks in which he fully explained the 

 importance of these defences in early days. The pre- 

 Norman Crosses of Bakewell, Eyam and Hope are 

 marvels of workmanship and artistic design 

 when one realises the absence of suitable 

 instruments for construction. That at Eyam 

 was the most interesting both on account of its bas- 

 relief sculpture and excellent slate of preservation. 

 Eyam was the village visited by the plague in 1666, 

 when the spread of infection to the surrounding 

 neighbourhood was only saved by the intrepid courage 

 and advanced thought of the vicar, Mr. Mompesson. 

 He arranged a system of isolation so perfect that for 

 one vear, the infected village had no communication 

 with the adjacent district, food being placed by the 

 neighbours at a certain distance. The register of 

 those who died is still to be seen in the church, 

 amongst the names being that of the vicar's wife. 



At the final meeting held in the afternoon of July 

 22nd, it was announced, that as one of the results of 

 the congress, it was proposed to form a Field Club for 

 Buxton and the neighbourhood. Mr. Blashill, the 

 hon. treasurer, who was in the chair, in replying 

 expressed great satisfaction that a Field Club was to 

 he formed, as he pointed out the pleasure and profit 

 of field rambles would be greatly enhanced on the 

 part of the naturalist by a knowledge of Archeology, 

 and on that of the archeologist by an acquaintance 

 with Natural History. F. Winstone. 



