114 



SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 



c. var., meigii Meig. — An intermediate form be- 

 tween the type and feist hamelii. Hab. , S.E. France. 



d. var. lattcri Aust. — Much resembles feistha- 

 mclii, but larger and paler, ? with white abdomen. 

 Hab., N. Africa. VII., X. 



e. ab., undecemlineatas Eimer. — This has the 3rd 

 black band on f. w. , divided into two on a level 

 with the median nervure, the upper part enclosing a 

 whitish streak. There are also considerable traces of 

 an extra black band between the 3rd and 4th near the 

 costa. The stripes thus appear to run more or less in 

 pairs, recalling the figure II, hence the name. This 

 seems to be a merely trivial aberration, intermediate 

 forms occurring. Hab., Germany, Mediterranean, 

 littoral, etc. 



/. var. virgatus, a smaller and lighter form, with 

 white abdomen in ? . The usual summer form in 

 Syria. 



This species is wrongly called sinon Poda by 

 Staudinger, Cat. 1871, and this mistake has been 

 repeated by several writers who apparently have 

 omitted to notice the correction at the end of the 

 work, in which the name podalirius L. is substituted. 



2. P. alexanor Esp. Lg. B. E., p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 

 3. Ka. E. B. , p. 2, pi. 1., fig. 1. 



61 — 70 mm. 



Ground colour much deeper yellow than in P. 

 podalirius, sometimes deeper than in P. machaoti. 

 F. w. with a rather broad black band dusted 

 with yellow, running the whole length of wing, 

 parallel to ou. marg. widest at costa. Wing 

 area with three black stripes, the two outer short, the 

 third broader and extending to in. marg. H. w. 

 with ante-marg. band, dusted with blue and enclosing 

 at an. ang. an orange spot, a central black stripe 

 meeting a black basal stripe at about c. of in. marg., 

 a distinct black oblong disc. spot. Clubs of antennae 

 tipped with yellow. This species varies in size much 

 more than P. machaon, it is generally smaller, but 

 the largest specimens quite equal that species in 

 expanse. 



VI. e. — VII. e. in S. France and N. Italy, but 

 perhaps earlier in Greece, Asia Minor, and Persia. 

 It frequents rocky mountain gorges. 



Larva on Seseli dioicum and i\ montanum, VII. 

 m.— VIII. e. 



a var. judaeus Stgr. Has the ante-marginal bands 

 broader than in type. 55 — 72 mm. Hab., Syria 

 ' (Jerusalem). 



h var. orientalis Romanoff. A large pale form 

 with bands narrower than in type. Hab., Asia Minor, 

 C. Asia. 



3. P. machaon L. Lg. B.E., p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 4, 

 larva pi. v., 3. "Swallow-tail." 



70 — 85 mm. 



Ground colour of wings bright yellow. F.w. 

 broadly black at base. Three costal black blotches 

 and a broad ante-marginal band extending the 

 whole length of wing, nervures broadly black. 

 Basal patch and marg. bands dusted with yellow. A 

 row of yellow lunules along ou. marg. II. w. with 

 broad black band dusted with blue, not reaching as 



far as disc. cell. A large dull red ocellas at an. ang. 

 Between the band and the margin a low of well- 

 defined yellow lunules, tails as long as in the last. 



IV. e. to IX. e. 



Hab., the Palaearctic Region, except the Polar 

 portion and the Canaries. In England, only in the 

 Fens. It is chiefly found in lowland districts, but 

 sometimes as high as 2,000ft. in elevated regions. 



Hab., distributed throughout Palaearctic Regions, 

 N. India, China, and Japan. 



Larva on Damns carota, Ancthuin foenictdum, 

 Angelica syhestris, and other umbelliferae. VI. and 

 IX. 



In enumerating the varietal forms I have purposely 

 omitted some that do not belong to the Palaearctic 

 Region. 



a. ab. sphyrus Hb. 54 — 60mm. Resembles type, 

 but has the fascia on the h.w. so broad as to touch 

 the disc. cell. VII. 



Hab., S. Europe, Caucasus, Sicily, Syria. 



/'. var. saharae Obert. 50 mm. A small form 

 inhabiting desert regions in Algeria. 



c. var. asiatica Men. 60 — 62 mm. Like Sphyrus, 

 but larger and with a broader band on h.w. Hab., 

 Siberia. 



d. var. anrantiaca Speyer. Ground colour much 

 deeper yellow than in type. 



Hab., S. Europe, Corsica and Sardinia. Occa- 

 sionally as an ab. in England (?) 



e. ab. niger, Reutti. A melanic form in which 

 the dark markings are extended and more dusky 

 than in type, and the red spot at an. ang. h.w. is 

 replaced by black. Hab. , Germany, etc. 



f. ab. nigrofasciata Rothke. Darker than type, 

 and with broader stripes and bands. Ham., Germany. 



g. var. centralis Stgr. Dark markings less intense, 

 ground colour yellower. Hab., C. Asia, Turkestan. 

 Larva on Capparis spinosa. V. . 



h. ab. watzkai Garbowski. A more slender and 

 lighter form inhabiting Galicia. 



7'. ab. drttsus Fuchs. A brightly coloured and pilose 

 form. Hab., E. Germany (Nassau). 



j. var. Hippocrates Feld. no mm. The largest 

 form of the species, the second brood of Asiatica. 

 Hab., Amur, Corea. 



./•. var. kamtschatadalus Alph. Size of type, tails 

 of h. w. shorter. Ground colour darker. Marginal 

 bands narrower. Hab., Kamtschatka. 



4. P. hospiton Gene. Lg. B. E., p. 8, pi. II., fig. 

 1, larva, pi. v., 4. 



70 — 76 mm. 



In size and coloration this species greatly resembles 

 P. machaon, but on all the wings the dark markings 

 are more intense. H.w. with exceptionally short or 

 even rudimentary tails. The ante-marginal fascia 

 very broad reaching to the discoidal spot, and 

 shaded off into the ground colour, the blue scales 

 upon it very vivid and more circumscribed in arrange- 

 ment, the sp. at an. ang. very small. 



V. and VI. 



