UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



t BULLETIN No. 711 



Contribution from the Forest Service 

 HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester 



Washington, D. C. 



PROFESSIONAL PAPER 



November 14, 1918 



LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 



By William H. Gibbons, Forest Examiner. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Object 1 



The region 2 



Logging in general 4 



Felling and bucking .- 30 



Primary log transportation 56 



Loading 154 



Railroad transportation 175 



Railroad Inclines 217 



Unloading 225 



Water transportation 238 



General expenses 248 



Total cost of logging at one operation 252 



OBJECT. 



To bring together in systematic and usable form the bulk of the 

 information dealing with Douglas fir logging costs thus far acquired, 

 so as to make it accessible, is the object of this publication. The 

 subject is broad in scope and only the more important features of the 

 Douglas fir sawlog operation, as a rule, are covered. Greatest 

 emphasis is laid on costs,^ especially costs about which not much 

 written material is available.^ 



1 Costs and wages throughout the bulletin are based on conditions prior to April, 1917. 



2 In preparing the publication the writer consulted freely many of the lumber trade 

 journals, especially those of Oregon and Washington ; the proceedings of the Pacific Log- 

 ging Congress, which were particularly helpful; "Logging," by Bryant 1 "Logging and 

 Lumbering," by Schenck ; " Earth Work and Its Cost," by Gillette ; and unpublished 

 manuscripts. 



Pew of the drawings are original, most of them being taken from catalogues and lumber 

 trade journals, especially the Timberman. 



The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to all who have aided in any way in 

 the preparation of this work, particularly the following, who reviewed portions or all of 

 the manuscript : J. D. Young, J. S. O'Gorman, Fred MacFarlane, J. P. Van Orsdel, James 

 O'Hearn, H. W. Sessoms, and R. V. Vinnedge, managers or superintendents of logging 

 operations ; F. M. Duggan and E. I. Karr, managers of log scaling and grading bureaus ; 

 C. S. Martin, C. P. Cronk, S. A. Stamm, and R. H. Shotwell, logging engineers, operating 

 companies ; W. T. Andrews, C. H. Woodcock, L. A. Nelson, Austin Gary, and E. C. 

 Eriekson, timber sales. Forest Service. 

 61361°— Bull. 711—18 1 



